Refractory Materials Repairers
Construction, Maintenance & RepairAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.09
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 100% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Reline or repair ladles and pouring spouts with refractory clay, using trowels.O*NET Task ID 13819 | 0.0 |
Chip slag from linings of ladles or remove linings when beyond repair, using hammers and chisels.O*NET Task ID 13820 | 0.0 |
Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form refractory clay or mortar, using shovels or mixing machines.O*NET Task ID 13821 | 0.0 |
Measure furnace walls to determine dimensions and cut required number of sheets from plastic block, using saws.O*NET Task ID 13822 | 0.0 |
Tighten locknuts holding refractory stopper assemblies together, spread mortar on jackets to seal sleeve joints, and dry mortar in ovens.O*NET Task ID 13823 | 0.0 |
Dry and bake new linings by placing inverted linings over burners, building fires in ladles, or by using blowtorches.O*NET Task ID 13824 | 0.0 |
Remove worn or damaged plastic block refractory linings of furnaces, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13825 | 0.0 |
Fasten stopper heads to rods with metal pins to assemble refractory stoppers used to plug pouring nozzles of steel ladles.O*NET Task ID 13826 | 0.0 |
Climb scaffolding, carrying hoses, and spray surfaces of cupolas with refractory mixtures, using spray equipment.O*NET Task ID 13827 | 0.0 |
Drill holes in furnace walls, bolt overlapping layers of plastic to walls, and hammer surfaces to compress layers into solid sheets.O*NET Task ID 13828 | 0.0 |
Spread mortar on stopper heads and rods, using trowels, and slide brick sleeves over rods to form refractory jackets.O*NET Task ID 13829 | 0.0 |
Dump and tamp clay in molds, using tamping tools.O*NET Task ID 13830 | 0.0 |
Disassemble molds, and cut, chip, and smooth clay structures such as floaters, drawbars, and L-blocks.O*NET Task ID 13831 | 0.0 |
Transfer clay structures to curing ovens, melting tanks, and drawing kilns, using forklifts.O*NET Task ID 13832 | 0.0 |
Install preformed metal scaffolding in interiors of cupolas, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13833 | 0.0 |
Install clay structures in melting tanks and drawing kilns to control the flow and temperature of molten glass, using hoists and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13834 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page