Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Compile and interpret students' test results, along with information from teachers and parents, to diagnose conditions and to help assess eligibility for special services.Details
O*NET Task ID 5446
0.5
Assess an individual child's needs, limitations, and potential, using observation, review of school records, and consultation with parents and school personnel.Details
O*NET Task ID 5448
0.5
Select, administer, and score psychological tests.Details
O*NET Task ID 5449
0.5
Provide consultation to parents, teachers, administrators, and others on topics such as learning styles and behavior modification techniques.Details
O*NET Task ID 5450
0.5
Promote an understanding of child development and its relationship to learning and behavior.Details
O*NET Task ID 5451
0.5
Collaborate with other educational professionals to develop teaching strategies and school programs.Details
O*NET Task ID 5452
0.5
Develop individualized educational plans in collaboration with teachers and other staff members.Details
O*NET Task ID 5454
0.5
Maintain student records, including special education reports, confidential records, records of services provided, and behavioral data.Details
O*NET Task ID 5455
0.5
Attend workshops, seminars, or professional meetings to remain informed of new developments in school psychology.Details
O*NET Task ID 5457
0.5
Design classes and programs to meet the needs of special students.Details
O*NET Task ID 5458
0.5
Refer students and their families to appropriate community agencies for medical, vocational, or social services.Details
O*NET Task ID 5459
0.5
Collect and analyze data to evaluate the effectiveness of academic programs and other services, such as behavioral management systems.Details
O*NET Task ID 5461
0.5
Provide educational programs on topics such as classroom management, teaching strategies, or parenting skills.Details
O*NET Task ID 5462
0.5
Conduct research to generate new knowledge that can be used to address learning and behavior issues.Details
O*NET Task ID 5463
0.5
Interpret test results and prepare psychological reports for teachers, administrators, and parents.Details
O*NET Task ID 18619
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Psychologists
Psychologists research into and study the mental processes and behaviour of human beings as individuals or in groups, and apply this knowledge to promote personal, social, educational or occupational adjustment and development.
Tasks
(a) planning and carrying out tests to measure mental, physical and other characteristics such as intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, potentialities, etc., interpreting and evaluating results, and providing advice;
(b) analysing the effect of heredity, social, occupational and other factors on individual thought and behaviour;
(c) conducting counselling or therapeutic interviews with individuals and groups, and providing follow-up services;
(d) maintaining required contacts, such as those with family members, educational authorities or employers, and recommending possible solutions to, and treatment of, problems;
(e) studying psychological factors in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and emotional or personality disorders, and conferring with related professionals;
(f) preparing scholarly papers and reports;
(g) formulating achievement, diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and content of instruction;
(h) conducting surveys and research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision and management;
(e) developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe human behaviour.
Educational psychologists are psychologists employed by educational institutions to provide psychological and emotional support to students in need. They are specialised in the provision of direct support and interventions to students, conducting psychological testing and assessment, and consulting with families, teachers and other school-based student support professionals, such as school social workers and educational counsellors, about the students. They may also work with the school administration to improve practical support strategies in order to improve the students' well-being.
psychologistESCO 2634.2
Psychologists study the behaviour and mental processes in humans. They provide services to clients who deal with mental health issues and life issues such as bereavement, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. They also provide counselling for mental health issues such as eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and psychosis in order to help the clients rehabilitate and reach a healthy behaviour.
polygraph examinerESCO 2634.1
Polygraph examiners prepare individuals for polygraph testing, conduct the polygraph exam and interpret the results. They pay close attention to detail and use a range of instruments to monitor respiratory, sweat and cardiovascular responses to questions addressed during the process. Polygraph examiners write reports on the basis of the results and can provide courtroom testimony.
health psychologistESCO 2634.2.3
Health psychologists deal with the various aspects of health related behaviour of individuals and groups, by helping individuals or groups prevent illness and promote healthy behaviours by also providing counseling services. They perform tasks for the development of health promotion activities and projects on the basis of psychological science, research findings, theories, methods and techniques. They also engage in research about health related issues to influence public policy on health care issues.
psychotherapistESCO 2634.2.4
Psychotherapists assist and treat healthcare users with varying degrees of psychological, psychosocial, or psychosomatic behavioural disorders and pathogenic conditions by means of psychotherapeutic methods. They promote personal development and well-being and provide advice on improving relationships, capabilities, and problem-solving techniques. They use science-based psychotherapeutic methods such as behavioural therapy, existential analysis and logotherapy, psychoanalysis or systemic family therapy in order to guide the patients in their development and help them search for appropriate solutions to their problems. Psychotherapists are not required to have academic degrees in psychology or a medical qualification in psychiatry. It is an independent occupation from psychology, psychiatry, and counselling.
clinical psychologistESCO 2634.2.1
Clinical psychologists diagnose, rehabilitate, and support individuals affected by mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders and problems as well as mental changes and pathogenic conditions through use of cognitive tools and appropriate intervention. They use clinical psychological resources on the basis of psychological science, its findings, theories, methods, and techniques for the investigation, interpretation, and prediction of human experience and behaviour.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +0.8%
Median wage: $96K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
