Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Resolve customer complaints regarding sales and service.Details
O*NET Task ID 1
0.5
Monitor customer preferences to determine focus of sales efforts.Details
O*NET Task ID 2
0.5
Direct and coordinate activities involving sales of manufactured products, services, commodities, real estate, or other subjects of sale.Details
O*NET Task ID 3
0.5
Determine price schedules and discount rates.Details
O*NET Task ID 4
0.5
Review operational records and reports to project sales and determine profitability.Details
O*NET Task ID 5
0.5
Direct, coordinate, and review sales and service accounting and record-keeping, as well as receiving and shipping.Details
O*NET Task ID 6
0.5
Confer or consult with department heads to plan advertising services and to secure information on equipment and customer specifications.Details
O*NET Task ID 7
0.5
Advise dealers and distributors on policies and operating procedures to ensure functional effectiveness of business.Details
O*NET Task ID 8
0.5
Prepare budgets and approve budget expenditures.Details
O*NET Task ID 9
0.5
Plan and direct staffing, training, and performance evaluations to develop and control sales and service programs.Details
O*NET Task ID 11
0.5
Confer with potential customers regarding equipment needs, and advise customers on types of equipment to purchase.Details
O*NET Task ID 13
0.5
Oversee regional and local sales managers and their staffs.Details
O*NET Task ID 14
0.5
Direct clerical staff to keep records of export correspondence, bid requests, and credit collections, and to maintain current information on tariffs, licenses, and restrictions.Details
O*NET Task ID 15
0.5
Direct foreign sales and service outlets of an organization.Details
O*NET Task ID 16
0.5
Assess marketing potential of new and existing store locations, considering statistics and expenditures.Details
O*NET Task ID 17
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Sales and Marketing Managers
Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other enterprises and organizations.
Tasks
(a) planning and organizing special sales and marketing programmes based on sales records and market assessments;
(b) determining price lists, discount and delivery terms, sales promotion budgets, sales methods, special incentives and campaigns;
(c) establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures related to sales and marketing activities;
(d) leading and managing the activities of sales and marketing staff;
(e) planning and directing daily operations;
(f) establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to ensure the efficient use of resources;
(g) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h) representing the enterprise or organization at sales and marketing conventions, trade exhibitions and other forums.
Auction house managers are responsible for the staff and activities in an auction house. Moreover, they manage the finances and marketing aspects of the auction house.
chief marketing officerESCO 1221.3
Chief marketing officers manage the high level marketing operations in a company. They coordinate all the efforts related to the marketing, promotional, and advertising activities across units or geographical areas. They make sure that different activities aimed at creating awareness of products are profitable for the company. They take decisions and prepare reports on marketing projects and the costs they entail.
motor vehicle aftersales managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.3
Motor vehicle aftersales managers maximise sales by closing business on an ongoing basis. They negotiate with existing clients for contract renewals. They maintain contracts, deal with claims, manage warranty, and investigate damages on products.
online sales channel managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.4
Online sales channel managers define the sales programme for e-commerces such as goods sold via e-mail, internet and social media. They also assist in planning the of the online sales strategy and identifying marketing opportunities. Online sales channel managers also analyse competitor sites, review the site performance and analytics.
commercial directorESCO 1221.4
Commercial directors are responsible for the income generation for the commercial sector of their company. They manage several commercial tasks such as setting targets, overseeing the development of products, planning and developing selling efforts, managing sales agents, and determining product prices.
destination managerESCO 1221.3.1
Destination managers are in charge of managing and implementing the national/regional/local tourism strategies (or policies) for destination development, marketing and promotion.
tourism product managerESCO 1221.5
Tourism product managers analyse the market, research potential offers, develop products, plan and organise the distribution and marketing processes.
marketing managerESCO 1221.3.2
Marketing managers carry out the implementation of efforts related to the marketing operations in a company. They develop marketing strategies and plans by detailing cost and resources needed. They analyse the profitability of these plans, develop pricing strategies, and strive to raise awareness on products and companies among targeted customers.
licensing managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.2
Licensing managers oversee licenses and rights of a company regarding use of its products or intellectual property. They ensure that third parties comply with specified agreements and contracts, and negotiate with and maintain relationships between both parties.
sales managerESCO 1221.3.2.1
Sales managers develop sales and targeting strategies for a company. They manage sales teams, allocate sales resources based on the plans, prioritise and follow up on critical leads, develop sales pitches and adjust them over time, and maintain a sales platform to track all leads and sales.
banking products managerESCO 1221.2
Banking products managers study the market of banking products and adapt the existing ones to the characteristics of this evolution or create new products to suit clients needs. They monitor and evaluate the performance indicators of these products and suggest improvements. Banking products managers assist with the sales and marketing strategy of the bank.
promotion managerESCO 1221.3.3
Promotion managers plan and implement the implementation of promotional programs in the point-of-sale of products. They coordinate all efforts from personnel, below-the-line (BTL) advertising material, and conventional advertising efforts in order to raise awareness of a specific promotion.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
설득(89) · 서비스 지향(88) · 재정 관리(87) · 조직체계의 분석 및 평가(83) · 모니터링(Monitoring)(80)
Knowledge
영업과 마케팅(92) · 경제와 회계(92) · 경영 및 행정(87) · 사무(85) · 인사(85)
Work environment
치열한 경쟁(100) · 재택근무(98) · 연설, 발표, 회의하기(96) · 결과에 대한 책임(96) · 외부 고객 대하기(94)
Related occupations
마케팅 및 광고·홍보 관리자 · 경영 지원 관리자 · 정부 행정 관리자 · 금융관리자
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +4.5%
Median wage: $148K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Mar 2026:Anthropic Economic Index report (Mar 2026): business sales and outreach automation (B2B lead qualification, cold-email drafting) and automated trading were two API workflows whose share at least doubled in three months. Tasks tied to Management occupations rose from 3% to 5% of Claude.ai traffic.
These summaries were written by AI Changing Work from the source linked with each one, and any figures in them are given as AI Changing Work summarised them; they can differ from the source's own wording and from figures shown elsewhere on this page, so check the source before relying on them. AI Changing Work matched this page's occupation to an O*NET occupation and chose, by its own judgment, case by case, which summaries relate to that O*NET occupation; a summary appearing here does not mean that its source names this occupation.
