Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Confer with users to discuss issues such as computer data access needs, security violations, and programming changes.Details
O*NET Task ID 5315
1.0
Modify computer security files to incorporate new software, correct errors, or change individual access status.Details
O*NET Task ID 5317
1.0
Encrypt data transmissions and erect firewalls to conceal confidential information as it is being transmitted and to keep out tainted digital transfers.Details
O*NET Task ID 5321
1.0
Document computer security and emergency measures policies, procedures, and tests.Details
O*NET Task ID 5322
1.0
Train users and promote security awareness to ensure system security and to improve server and network efficiency.Details
O*NET Task ID 5313
0.5
Develop plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification, destruction, or disclosure and to meet emergency data processing needs.Details
O*NET Task ID 5314
0.5
Monitor current reports of computer viruses to determine when to update virus protection systems.Details
O*NET Task ID 5316
0.5
Coordinate implementation of computer system plan with establishment personnel and outside vendors.Details
O*NET Task ID 5318
0.5
Monitor use of data files and regulate access to safeguard information in computer files.Details
O*NET Task ID 5319
0.5
Perform risk assessments and execute tests of data processing system to ensure functioning of data processing activities and security measures.Details
O*NET Task ID 5320
0.5
Review violations of computer security procedures and discuss procedures with violators to ensure violations are not repeated.Details
O*NET Task ID 5323
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group includes database and network professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 252: Database and Network Professionals. For instance, the group includes information and communications technology security specialists.
Tasks
In such cases tasks would include -
(a) developing plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification, destruction or disclosure and to meet emergency data processing needs;
(b) training users and promoting security awareness to ensure system security and to improve server and network efficiency;
(c) conferring with users to discuss issues such as computer data access needs, security violations, and programming changes;
(d) monitoring current reports of computer viruses to determine when to update virus protection systems;
(e) modifying computer security files to incorporate new software, correct errors or change individual access status;
(f) monitoring use of data files and regulate access to safeguard information in computer files;
(g) performing risk assessments and executing tests of data processing system to ensure functioning of data processing activities and security measures;
(h) encrypting data transmissions and erecting firewalls to conceal confidential information as it is being transmitted and to keep out tainted digital transfers.
Example occupations
Data miner · Digital forensic specialist · Security specialist (ICT)
ICT security administrators plan and carry out security measures to protect information and data from unauthorised access, deliberate attack, theft and corruption.
digital forensics expertESCO 2529.2
Digital forensics experts retrieve and analyse information from computers and other types of data storage devices. They examine digital media that may have been hidden, encrypted or damaged, in a forensic manner with the aim to identify, preserve, recover, analyse and present facts and opinions about the digital information.
ICT security consultantESCO 2529.6
ICT security consultants advise and implement solutions to control access to data and programs. They promote a safe exchange of information.
chief ICT security officerESCO 2529.1
Chief ICT security officers protect company and employee information against unauthorized access. They also define the Information System security policy, manage security deployment across all Information Systems and ensure the provision of information availability.
ethical hackerESCO 2529.3
Ethical hackers perform security vulnerability assessments and penetration tests in accordance with industry-accepted methods and protocols. They analyse systems for potential vulnerabilities that may result from improper system configuration, hardware or software flaws, or operational weaknesses.
ICT security managerESCO 2529.7
ICT security managers propose and implement necessary security updates. They advise, support, inform and provide training and security awareness and take direct action on all or part of a network or system.
knowledge engineerESCO 2529.8
Knowledge engineers integrate structured knowledge into computer systems (knowledge bases) in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise or artificial intelligence methods. They are also responsible for eliciting or extracting knowledge from information sources, maintaining this knowledge, and making it available to the organisation or users. To achieve this, they are aware of knowledge representation and maintenance techniques (rules, frames, semantic nets, ontologies) and use knowledge extraction techniques and tools. They can design and build expert or artificial intelligence systems that use this knowledge.
ICT resilience managerESCO 2529.4
ICT resilience managers research, plan and develop models, policies, methods, techniques and tools that enhance an organisation's cyber security, resilience and disaster recovery.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
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Related occupations
정보 보안 전문가
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +21%
Median wage: $129K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
