Sales Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 11-2022.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.043
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.41
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 2 项工作已评分任务 17 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 15 项（88.2%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Resolve customer complaints regarding sales and service.O*NET Task ID 1 | 0.5 |
Monitor customer preferences to determine focus of sales efforts.O*NET Task ID 2 | 0.5 |
Direct and coordinate activities involving sales of manufactured products, services, commodities, real estate, or other subjects of sale.O*NET Task ID 3 | 0.5 |
Determine price schedules and discount rates.O*NET Task ID 4 | 0.5 |
Review operational records and reports to project sales and determine profitability.O*NET Task ID 5 | 0.5 |
Direct, coordinate, and review sales and service accounting and record-keeping, as well as receiving and shipping.O*NET Task ID 6 | 0.5 |
Confer or consult with department heads to plan advertising services and to secure information on equipment and customer specifications.O*NET Task ID 7 | 0.5 |
Advise dealers and distributors on policies and operating procedures to ensure functional effectiveness of business.O*NET Task ID 8 | 0.5 |
Prepare budgets and approve budget expenditures.O*NET Task ID 9 | 0.5 |
Plan and direct staffing, training, and performance evaluations to develop and control sales and service programs.O*NET Task ID 11 | 0.5 |
Confer with potential customers regarding equipment needs, and advise customers on types of equipment to purchase.O*NET Task ID 13 | 0.5 |
Oversee regional and local sales managers and their staffs.O*NET Task ID 14 | 0.5 |
Direct clerical staff to keep records of export correspondence, bid requests, and credit collections, and to maintain current information on tariffs, licenses, and restrictions.O*NET Task ID 15 | 0.5 |
Direct foreign sales and service outlets of an organization.O*NET Task ID 16 | 0.5 |
Assess marketing potential of new and existing store locations, considering statistics and expenditures.O*NET Task ID 17 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Resolve customer complaints regarding sales and service. | 核心 |
| Monitor customer preferences to determine focus of sales efforts. | 核心 |
| Direct and coordinate activities involving sales of manufactured products, services, commodities, real estate, or other subjects of sale. | 核心 |
| Determine price schedules and discount rates. | 核心 |
| Review operational records and reports to project sales and determine profitability. | 核心 |
| Direct, coordinate, and review sales and service accounting and record-keeping, as well as receiving and shipping. | 核心 |
| Confer or consult with department heads to plan advertising services and to secure information on equipment and customer specifications. | 核心 |
| Advise dealers and distributors on policies and operating procedures to ensure functional effectiveness of business. | 核心 |
| Prepare budgets and approve budget expenditures. | 核心 |
| Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products. | 核心 |
| Plan and direct staffing, training, and performance evaluations to develop and control sales and service programs. | 核心 |
| Visit franchised dealers to stimulate interest in establishment or expansion of leasing programs. | 核心 |
| Confer with potential customers regarding equipment needs, and advise customers on types of equipment to purchase. | 核心 |
| Oversee regional and local sales managers and their staffs. | 核心 |
| Direct clerical staff to keep records of export correspondence, bid requests, and credit collections, and to maintain current information on tariffs, licenses, and restrictions. | 核心 |
| Direct foreign sales and service outlets of an organization. | 补充 |
| Assess marketing potential of new and existing store locations, considering statistics and expenditures. | 补充 |
0.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
该职业的 O*NET 29.3 任务中没有被归类为体力任务的任务。
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 650K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 679K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $148,270
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15111 | 영업 관련 관리자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 15112 | 판매 관련 관리자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 15113 | 무역 관련 관리자 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 13201 | 보험 관리자 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 1221Sales and Marketing Managers
销售和市场营销经理
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other enterprises and organizations.
任务
- (a) planning and organizing special sales and marketing programmes based on sales records and market assessments;
- (b) determining price lists, discount and delivery terms, sales promotion budgets, sales methods, special incentives and campaigns;
- (c) establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures related to sales and marketing activities;
- (d) leading and managing the activities of sales and marketing staff;
- (e) planning and directing daily operations;
- (f) establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to ensure the efficient use of resources;
- (g) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
- (h) representing the enterprise or organization at sales and marketing conventions, trade exhibitions and other forums.
职业示例
Marketing manager · Sales manager
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- sales managerESCO 1221.3.2.1范围相同
Sales managers develop sales and targeting strategies for a company. They manage sales teams, allocate sales resources based on the plans, prioritise and follow up on critical leads, develop sales pitches and adjust them over time, and maintain a sales platform to track all leads and sales.
- auction house managerESCO 1221.1本职业范围更宽
Auction house managers are responsible for the staff and activities in an auction house. Moreover, they manage the finances and marketing aspects of the auction house.
- category managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.1本职业范围更宽
Category managers define the sales programme for specific product groups. They research market demands and newly supplied products.
- motor vehicle aftersales managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.3本职业范围更宽
Motor vehicle aftersales managers maximise sales by closing business on an ongoing basis. They negotiate with existing clients for contract renewals. They maintain contracts, deal with claims, manage warranty, and investigate damages on products.
- movie distributorESCO 1324.5本职业范围更宽
Movie distributors are responsible for the coordination of the distribution of motion pictures and television series. They also oversee the sale of these movies on DVD, Blu ray and on other media.
- trade regional managerESCO 1420.6本职业范围更宽
Trade regional managers are responsible for activities and staff in an assigned region for a specific chain of stores.
- online sales channel managerESCO 1221.3.2.1.4有重叠，但不相同
Online sales channel managers define the sales programme for e-commerces such as goods sold via e-mail, internet and social media. They also assist in planning the of the online sales strategy and identifying marketing opportunities. Online sales channel managers also analyse competitor sites, review the site performance and analytics.
- promotion managerESCO 1221.3.3有重叠，但不相同
Promotion managers plan and implement the implementation of promotional programs in the point-of-sale of products. They coordinate all efforts from personnel, below-the-line (BTL) advertising material, and conventional advertising efforts in order to raise awareness of a specific promotion.
- sales account managerESCO 1420.3有重叠，但不相同
Sales account managers serve as intermediators between clients and the organisation, managing both sales and long term relations with the client. They have knowledge about products and services and develop contracts with customers.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| D1406 | Directeur / Directrice des ventes | 范围相同暂定 |
| C1118 | Responsable de secteur en assurances | 本职业范围更宽 |
| D1411 | Responsable Efficacité Commerciale (SFE) en industrie pharmaceutique | 本职业范围更宽 |
| D1414 | Responsable de zone internationale | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| D1417 | Chef / Cheffe des ventes | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H1512 | Directeur / Directrice de zone en industrie pharmaceutique | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1707 | Responsable du développement commercial | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1715 | Directeur commercial / Directrice commerciale | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| D1517 | Chef / Cheffe de secteur distribution | 相关，但不对应 |
| M1708 | Directeur / Directrice de l'accès au marché en industrie pharmaceutique | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 1221 | Directores comerciales y de ventas | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 61194 | Führungskräfte - Einkauf und Vertrieb | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 61294 | Führungskräfte - Handel | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 62194 | Führungskräfte - Verkauf | 相关，但不对应 |
| 43294 | Führungskräfte - IT-Systemanalyse, IT-Anwendungsberatung und IT-Vertrieb | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 61204 | Kaufleute im Handel (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 61214 | Kaufleute im Groß- und Außenhandel - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 61284 | Kaufleute im Handel (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 031 | 会社管理職員 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
与本职业相关的近期变化
摘要和关联标注由 AI Changing Work 撰写和判断；数字请以所链接的来源为准。
相关 Anthropic Economic Index report (Mar 2026): business sales and outreach automation (B2B lead qualification, cold-email drafting) and automated trading were two API workflows whose share at least doubled in three months. Tasks tied to Management occupations rose from 3% to 5% of Claude.ai traffic.
[来源: Anthropic Economic Index (March 2026)]
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源