Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
Business and Financial Operations Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 13-1022.00
Buy merchandise or commodities, other than farm products, for resale to consumers at the wholesale or retail level, including both durable and nondurable goods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records, price, and quality of merchandise to determine value and yield. Select, order, and authorize payment for merchandise according to contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and introduce new products. May negotiate contracts. Includes assistant wholesale and retail buyers of nonfarm products.
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.39
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
- 数据来源: OpenAI发布时间: 2023
0.400
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.844尺度 · 母数 · 来源
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 17 项工作已评分任务 20 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 18 项（90.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Recommend mark-up rates, mark-down rates, or merchandise selling prices.13-1022.00 | 0.040050.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Determine which products should be featured in advertising, the advertising medium to be used, or when the ads should be run.13-1022.00 | 0.030037.5 | —0 |
Monitor and analyze sales records, trends, or economic conditions to anticipate consumer buying patterns, company sales, and needed inventory.13-1022.00 | 0.010012.5 | 0.0100100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Provide clerks with information to print on price tags, such as price, mark-ups or mark-downs, manufacturer number, season code, or style number.O*NET Task ID 77 | 1.0 |
Monitor and analyze sales records, trends, or economic conditions to anticipate consumer buying patterns, company sales, and needed inventory.O*NET Task ID 66 | 0.5 |
Authorize payment of invoices or return of merchandise.O*NET Task ID 68 | 0.5 |
Consult with store or merchandise managers about budgets or goods to be purchased.O*NET Task ID 72 | 0.5 |
Determine which products should be featured in advertising, the advertising medium to be used, or when the ads should be run.O*NET Task ID 78 | 0.5 |
Monitor competitors' sales activities by following their advertisements in newspapers or other media.O*NET Task ID 79 | 0.5 |
Analyze environmental aspects of competing merchandise when making buying decisions.O*NET Task ID 19547 | 0.5 |
Compare transportation options to determine the most energy-efficient options.O*NET Task ID 19548 | 0.5 |
Develop strategies to advertise green products or merchandise to consumers.O*NET Task ID 19549 | 0.5 |
Identify opportunities to buy green commodities, such as alternative energy, water, or carbon-neutral products for resale to consumers.O*NET Task ID 19550 | 0.5 |
Monitor consumer preferences or environmental trends to determine the best way to introduce new green products.O*NET Task ID 19551 | 0.5 |
Buy merchandise or commodities for resale to wholesale or retail consumers.O*NET Task ID 20710 | 0.5 |
Negotiate prices, discount terms, or transportation arrangements with suppliers.O*NET Task ID 20711 | 0.5 |
Examine, select, order, or purchase merchandise consistent with quality, quantity, specification requirements, or other factors, such as environmental soundness.O*NET Task ID 20712 | 0.5 |
Recommend mark-up rates, mark-down rates, or merchandise selling prices.O*NET Task ID 20713 | 0.5 |
Obtain information about customer needs or preferences by conferring with sales or purchasing personnel.O*NET Task ID 20714 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with vendors to obtain or develop desired products.O*NET Task ID 20715 | 0.5 |
Inspect merchandise or products to determine quality, value, or yield.O*NET Task ID 20716 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（16 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Monitor and analyze sales records, trends, or economic conditions to anticipate consumer buying patterns, company sales, and needed inventory. | 核心 |
| Authorize payment of invoices or return of merchandise. | 核心 |
| Consult with store or merchandise managers about budgets or goods to be purchased. | 核心 |
| Buy merchandise or commodities for resale to wholesale or retail consumers. | 核心 |
| Negotiate prices, discount terms, or transportation arrangements with suppliers. | 核心 |
| Examine, select, order, or purchase merchandise consistent with quality, quantity, specification requirements, or other factors, such as environmental soundness. | 核心 |
| Recommend mark-up rates, mark-down rates, or merchandise selling prices. | 核心 |
| Obtain information about customer needs or preferences by conferring with sales or purchasing personnel. | 核心 |
| Collaborate with vendors to obtain or develop desired products. | 核心 |
| Inspect merchandise or products to determine quality, value, or yield. | 核心 |
| Train or supervise sales or clerical staff. | 补充 |
| Provide clerks with information to print on price tags, such as price, mark-ups or mark-downs, manufacturer number, season code, or style number. | 补充 |
| Determine which products should be featured in advertising, the advertising medium to be used, or when the ads should be run. | 补充 |
| Monitor competitors' sales activities by following their advertisements in newspapers or other media. | 补充 |
| Analyze environmental aspects of competing merchandise when making buying decisions. | 补充 |
| Conduct sales meetings to introduce new merchandise. | 补充 |
0.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Inspect merchandise or products to determine quality, value, or yield. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
BLS 就业预测表中没有 SOC 13-1022 的行。
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28311 | 상품 기획자 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 51012 | 중고차 영업원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 3323Buyers
采购员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Buyers buy goods and services for use or resale on behalf of industrial, commercial, government or other establishments and organizations.
任务
- (a) determining or negotiating contract terms and conditions, awarding supplier contracts or recommending contract awards for the purchase of equipment, raw materials, products, services and merchandise for resale;
- (b) obtaining information about requirements and stock and developing specifications for quantity and quality to be purchased, costs, delivery dates and other contract conditions;
- (c) purchasing general and specialized equipment, materials or business services for use or for further processing by their establishment;
- (d) inviting tenders, consulting with suppliers and reviewing quotations;
- (e) purchasing merchandise for resale by retail or wholesale establishments;
- (f) studying market reports, trade periodicals and sales promotion materials and visiting trade shows, showrooms, factories and product design events;
- (g) selecting the merchandise or products that best fit the establishment's requirements;
- (h) interviewing suppliers and negotiating prices, discounts, credit terms and transportation arrangements;
- (i) overseeing distribution of merchandise to outlets and maintaining adequate stock levels;
- (j) establishing delivery schedules, monitoring progress and contacting clients and suppliers to resolve problems.
职业示例
Buyer · Procurement officer · Purchasing agent · Purchasing merchandiser · Supply officer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
ISCO-08 3323
- green coffee buyerESCO 3323.2.1
Green coffee buyers purchase green coffee beans from producers all around the world commissioned by coffee roasters. They have a deep knowledge of the process of coffee from the fruit to the cup.
- purchaserESCO 3323.2
Purchasers select and purchase stock, materials, services or goods. They organise tender procedures and select suppliers.
- set buyerESCO 3323.3
Set buyers analyse the script in order to identify the set dressing and the props needed for all individual scenes. They also consult with the production designer and the prop and set making team. Set buyers buy, rent or commission the making of the props. Set buyers make sure sets are authentic and believable.
- ICT buyerESCO 3323.2.2
ICT buyers create and place purchase orders for ICT products and services, handle receiving and invoice issues, assess current procurement practices and effectively apply strategic sourcing methodologies. They build relationships with strategic vendors and negotiate price, quality, service levels and delivery terms.
- timber traderESCO 3323.4
Timber traders assess the quality, quantity and market value of timber and timber products for trade. They organise the selling process of new timber and purchase stocks of timber.
- costume buyerESCO 3323.1
Costume buyers work with the costume designer in order to identify the materials for the costumes. They buy and rent fabric, thread, accessories and other items needed to finish the wardrobe. Costume buyers may also purchase clothing items "off the peg", ready made. They base their purchases on the sketches of the costume designer.
- purchase plannerESCO 3323.2.3
Purchase planners organise the continuous supply with goods out of existing contracts.
- textile sourcing merchandiserESCO 3323.2.4
Textile sourcing merchandisers organise efforts for textile producers from fibre to final products.
这些是 ESCO 归入上方所关联 ISCO-08 职业组之下的 ESCO 职业；它们并未与本职业逐项对应。
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| M1101 | Acheteur / Acheteuse | 本职业范围更窄 |
| D1119 | Mareyeur / Mareyeuse | 相关，但不对应 |
| D1431 | Assistant / Assistante achat | 相关，但不对应 |
| G1806 | Chef sommelier / Cheffe sommelière | 相关，但不对应 |
| D1419 | Courtier / Courtière en vins | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3522 | Agentes de compras | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 61113 | Berufe im Einkauf - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 61112 | Berufe im Einkauf - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 326 | 商品仕入外交員 | 范围相同 |
| 322 | 卸売店主・店長 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源