Software Developers

O*NET-SOC 代码: 15-1252.00

Research, design, and develop computer and network software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop specifications and performance requirements. May maintain databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.288
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.53
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 10 项工作

已评分任务 19 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 18 项（94.7%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 15-1132.00 Software Developers, Applications; 15-1133.00 Software Developers, Systems Software 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Modify existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware, or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance. 15-1133.00	4.794255.1
Modify existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance. 15-1132.00	2.519228.9
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. 15-1132.00	0.30153.5
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. 15-1132.00	0.28733.3
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design. 15-1132.00	0.19222.2
Design or develop software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design. 15-1133.00	0.14921.7
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan computer specifications and layouts, and peripheral equipment modifications. 15-1132.00	0.09691.1
Consult with customers about software system design and maintenance. 15-1132.00	0.08301.0
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system. 15-1133.00	0.05340.6
Develop and direct software system testing and validation procedures, programming, and documentation. 15-1132.00	0.04870.6
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance. 15-1133.00	0.04360.5
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status. 15-1133.00	0.04210.5
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures. 15-1133.00	0.02180.2
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design system and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces. 15-1132.00	0.01620.2
Specify power supply requirements and configuration. 15-1132.00	0.01560.2
Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, or need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration. 15-1133.00	0.01330.2
Consult with engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software, develop specifications and performance requirements, or resolve customer problems. 15-1133.00	0.01320.2
Advise customer about or perform maintenance of software system. 15-1133.00	0.00770.1
Direct software programming and development of documentation. 15-1133.00	0.00420.0
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, and security needs to determine hardware configuration. 15-1132.00	0.00300.0
Use microcontrollers to develop control signals, implement control algorithms, or measure process variables, such as temperatures, pressures, or positions. 15-1133.00	0.00210.0
再显示 11 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system. O*NET Task ID 21661	1.0
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. O*NET Task ID 21662	1.0
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces. O*NET Task ID 21664	1.0
Coordinate installation of software system. O*NET Task ID 21666	1.0
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design. O*NET Task ID 21667	1.0
Determine system performance standards. O*NET Task ID 21668	1.0
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation. O*NET Task ID 21669	1.0
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance. O*NET Task ID 21670	1.0
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications. O*NET Task ID 21671	1.0
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration. O*NET Task ID 21672	1.0
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status. O*NET Task ID 21673	1.0
Specify power supply requirements and configuration. O*NET Task ID 21675	1.0
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. O*NET Task ID 21676	1.0
Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists, technicians, or other engineering or scientific personnel. O*NET Task ID 21677	1.0
Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel. O*NET Task ID 21678	1.0
Confer with data processing or project managers to obtain information on limitations or capabilities for data processing projects. O*NET Task ID 21663	0.5
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance. O*NET Task ID 21665	0.5
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, or humidity in area of system installation. O*NET Task ID 21674	0.5
再显示 8 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.	核心
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.	核心
Confer with data processing or project managers to obtain information on limitations or capabilities for data processing projects.	核心
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.	核心
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance.	核心
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.	核心
Determine system performance standards.	核心
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation.	核心
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.	核心
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status.	核心
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.	核心
Coordinate installation of software system.	补充
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.	补充
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration.	补充
Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists, technicians, or other engineering or scientific personnel.	补充
Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.	补充
Train users to use new or modified equipment.	补充

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 1.7M
预计就业人数，2035: 1.9M
变化 (2025–35): +10.2%
年薪中位数，2025: $135,980
入职通常所需学历: Bachelor's degree

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
22221	시스템 소프트웨어 설계 및 분석가	本职业范围更宽	已确认
22231	범용 소프트웨어 개발자	本职业范围更宽	已确认
22232	산업 특화 소프트웨어 개발자	本职业范围更宽	已确认
22233	모바일 애플리케이션 개발자	本职业范围更宽	已确认
22235	네트워크 프로그램 개발자	本职业范围更宽	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 2512Software Developers
软件开发人员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Software developers research, analyse and evaluate requirements for existing or new software applications and operating systems, and design, develop, test and maintain software solutions to meet these requirements.

任务

(a) researching, analysing and evaluating requirements for software applications and operating systems;
(b) researching, designing, and developing computer software systems;
(c) consulting with engineering staff to evaluate interfaces between hardware and software;
(d) developing and directing software testing and validation procedures;
(e) modifying existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance;
(f) directing software programming and development of documentation;
(g) assessing, developing, upgrading and documenting maintenance procedures for operating systems, communications environments and applications software;
(h) consulting with customers concerning maintenance of software system.

职业示例

Programmer analyst · Software designer · Software developer · Software engineer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

database developerESCO 2521.3本职业范围更宽
Database developers program, implement and coordinate changes to computer databases based on their expertise of database management systems.
digital games developerESCO 2513.1本职业范围更宽
Digital games developers program, implement and document digital games. They implement technical standards in gameplay, graphics, sound and functionality.
embedded systems software developerESCO 2514.2.1本职业范围更宽
Embedded systems software developers program, implement, document and maintain software to be run on an embedded system.
ICT application developerESCO 2514.2本职业范围更宽
ICT application developers implement the ICT (software) applications based on the designs provided using application domain specific languages, tools, platforms and experience.
ICT system developerESCO 2511.14本职业范围更宽
ICT system developers maintain, audit and improve organisational support systems. They use existing or new technologies to meet particular needs. They test both hardware and software system components, diagnose and resolve system faults.
industrial mobile devices software developerESCO 2514.3本职业范围更宽
Industrial mobile devices software developers implement applications software for specific, professional industrial mobile (handheld) devices, based on the industry needs, using general or specific development tools for device operating systems.
mobile application developerESCO 2514.2.2本职业范围更宽
Mobile app developers implement applications software for mobile devices, based on the designs provided, using general or specific development tools for device operating systems.
software analystESCO 2512.1本职业范围更宽
Software analysts elicit and prioritise user requirements, produce and document software specifications, test their application, and review them during software development. They act as the interface between the software users and the software development team.
software architectESCO 2512.2本职业范围更宽
Software architects create the technical design and the functional model of a software system, based on functional specifications. They also design the architecture of the system or different modules and components related to the business' or customer requirements, technical platform, computer language or development environment.
software developerESCO 2512.3本职业范围更宽
Software developers implement or program all kinds of software systems based on specifications and designs by using programming languages, tools, and platforms.
user interface developerESCO 2512.4本职业范围更宽
User interface developers implement, code, document and maintain the interface of a software system by using front-end development technologies.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
M1822	Spécialiste Jumeau Numérique	本职业范围更宽
M1818	Ingénieur / Ingénieure d'étude informatique	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1827	Ingénieur / Ingénieure DevOps	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1841	Ingénieur informaticien / Ingénieure informaticienne	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1861	Développeur / Développeuse logiciel ou d'application	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1873	Spécialiste IA embarquée	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1805	Développeur / Développeuse informatique	相关，但不对应暂定
M1831	Développeur / Développeuse - jeux vidéo	相关，但不对应暂定
M1836	Ingénieur concepteur / Ingénieure conceptrice informatique	相关，但不对应暂定
M1848	Analyste Concepteur / Conceptrice informatique	相关，但不对应暂定
M1887	Product builder no code	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
2712	Analistas y diseñadores de software	范围相同
2711	Analistas de sistemas	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
43413	Berufe in der Softwareentwicklung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽暂定
43414	Berufe in der Softwareentwicklung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽暂定
43103	Berufe in der Informatik (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
43123	Berufe in der technischen Informatik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
43154	Berufe in der Medieninformatik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
43412	Berufe in der Softwareentwicklung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
104	ソフトウェア作成者	本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

与本职业相关的近期变化

摘要和关联标注由 AI Changing Work 撰写和判断；数字请以所链接的来源为准。

相关2026年7月: ADP/Stanford linked postings-payroll study of ~7,000 IT workers (2019-2025) prices tasks separately within IT jobs. Advising others on the design or use of technologies is among 8 higher-wage activities; five tasks lost compensation value in 2023-2025 vs 2019-2022, including "develop models of systems, processes, or products." Effect sizes were not published.
[来源: ADP Research / Stanford Digital Economy Lab, Unbundling Jobs (July 2026)]
相关2026年3月: EIG (Mar 2026) argues the weakness in young adults' labor market is about age, not education: young workers of all education levels lag the rest of the labor market, which does not fit the media narrative of AI displacing computer science majors and entry-level graduates.
[来源: EIG: AI and Young-Adult Jobs (March 2026)]
相关2026年3月: Brookings (Mar 2026) says research on AI and the labor market is still in its first inning, and studies disagree: ADP payroll data show employment fell more for young workers in high-AI-exposure occupations, while CPS data show unemployment rose less for workers in more exposed occupations.
[来源: Brookings Institution]

显示另外 6 项

相关2026年2月: Acemoglu, Autor and Johnson (Hamilton Project/Brookings, Feb 2026) warn that if AI automates core roles in fields such as coding, customer service, marketing and translation, it will devalue the expertise workers rely on. They call for pro-worker AI that extends expertise instead, and for a tax code that stops taxing hiring labor more heavily than investing in algorithms.
[来源: Acemoglu, Autor, Johnson — Building Pro-Worker AI (Hamilton Project/Brookings, Feb 2026)]
相关2026年2月: Anthropic India Brief (Feb 2026): 45.2% of Indian Claude.ai tasks map to software-related occupations, the highest share of any country. Indian users finish tasks with AI about 15x faster than the estimated time without it, versus 12x globally.
[来源: Anthropic India Brief 2026]
相关2026年2月: Dallas Fed: Computer systems design sector wages up 16.7% but employment down 5%, indicating AI augments experienced developers while reducing entry-level demand.
[来源: Dallas Fed (Feb 2026)]
相关2026年1月: Frank et al. (arXiv, Jan 2026): unemployment risk in AI-exposed occupations started rising in early 2022, months before ChatGPT, in data from unemployment insurance claims and millions of LinkedIn profiles. Computer and math occupations (SOC 15), which include software developers, had the largest rise in unemployment risk in 2022-2024.
[来源: Frank et al. (2026) arXiv:2601.02554]
直接相关2026年1月: EIG working paper by Google economists Iscenko and Curto Millet (Jan 2026): the drop in employment for early-career workers in AI-exposed occupations such as software engineering is better explained by the sharpest monetary tightening in four decades than by AI. They add that this does not mean young workers are safe from future disruption.
[来源: EIG / Google Economists (Jan 2026)]
相关2025年12月: Anthropic internal study: engineers use AI for 59% of work (up from 28%), with 67% more pull requests per day. Feature implementation delegation grew from 14% to 37%.
[来源: Anthropic Research (2025)]

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源