Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians
Computer and Mathematical Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 15-1299.02
Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases. May also perform some custom application development or provide user support.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.311
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.43–0.55· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 2519Software and Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified0.55
- ISCO-08 2529Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.49
- ISCO-08 3511Information and Communications Technology Operations Technicians0.43
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 29 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 29 项（100.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications.15-1299.02 | 0.640071.1 | 0.15003.8 |
Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software.15-1299.02 | 0.150016.7 | 0.24006.1 |
Review existing or incoming data for currency, accuracy, usefulness, quality, or completeness of documentation.15-1299.02 | 0.06006.7 | 3.560089.9 |
Recommend procedures, equipment, or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use.15-1299.02 | 0.04004.4 | 0.01000.3 |
Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements.15-1299.02 | 0.01001.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Produce data layers, maps, tables, or reports, using spatial analysis procedures or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Design or prepare graphic representations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, using GIS hardware or software applications.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Collect, compile, or integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, such as remote sensing or cartographic data for inclusion in map manuscripts.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Create visual representations of geospatial data, using complex procedures such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Conduct research, data analysis, systems design, or support for software such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) mapping software.15-1299.02 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. | —0 | —0 |
Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data. | —0 | —0 |
Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software. | —0 | —0 |
Design or coordinate the development of integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial or non-spatial databases. | —0 | —0 |
Perform integrated or computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses to address scientific problems. | —0 | —0 |
Interpret aerial or ortho photographs. | —0 | —0 |
Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems. | —0 | —0 |
Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications. | —0 | —0 |
Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information. | —0 | —0 |
Make recommendations regarding upgrades, considering implications of new or revised Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, equipment, or applications. | —0 | —0 |
Assist users in formulating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) requirements or understanding the implications of alternatives. | —0 | —0 |
Transfer or rescale information from original photographs onto maps or other photographs. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare training materials for, or make presentations to, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users. | —0 | —0 |
Apply three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) technologies to geospatial data to allow for new or different analyses or applications. | —0 | —0 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases.O*NET Task ID 21717 | 1.0 |
Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements.O*NET Task ID 21719 | 1.0 |
Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications.O*NET Task ID 21730 | 1.0 |
Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures.O*NET Task ID 21733 | 1.0 |
Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information.O*NET Task ID 21734 | 1.0 |
Produce data layers, maps, tables, or reports, using spatial analysis procedures or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems.O*NET Task ID 21715 | 0.5 |
Design or prepare graphic representations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, using GIS hardware or software applications.O*NET Task ID 21716 | 0.5 |
Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users.O*NET Task ID 21718 | 0.5 |
Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data.O*NET Task ID 21720 | 0.5 |
Review existing or incoming data for currency, accuracy, usefulness, quality, or completeness of documentation.O*NET Task ID 21721 | 0.5 |
Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software.O*NET Task ID 21722 | 0.5 |
Design or coordinate the development of integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial or non-spatial databases.O*NET Task ID 21723 | 0.5 |
Perform integrated or computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses to address scientific problems.O*NET Task ID 21724 | 0.5 |
Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information.O*NET Task ID 21725 | 0.5 |
Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications.O*NET Task ID 21726 | 0.5 |
Collect, compile, or integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, such as remote sensing or cartographic data for inclusion in map manuscripts.O*NET Task ID 21727 | 0.5 |
Interpret aerial or ortho photographs.O*NET Task ID 21728 | 0.5 |
Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems.O*NET Task ID 21729 | 0.5 |
Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software.O*NET Task ID 21731 | 0.5 |
Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications.O*NET Task ID 21732 | 0.5 |
Make recommendations regarding upgrades, considering implications of new or revised Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, equipment, or applications.O*NET Task ID 21735 | 0.5 |
Assist users in formulating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) requirements or understanding the implications of alternatives.O*NET Task ID 21736 | 0.5 |
Create visual representations of geospatial data, using complex procedures such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation.O*NET Task ID 21737 | 0.5 |
Transfer or rescale information from original photographs onto maps or other photographs.O*NET Task ID 21738 | 0.5 |
Prepare training materials for, or make presentations to, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users.O*NET Task ID 21739 | 0.5 |
Apply three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) technologies to geospatial data to allow for new or different analyses or applications.O*NET Task ID 21740 | 0.5 |
Conduct research, data analysis, systems design, or support for software such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) mapping software.O*NET Task ID 21741 | 0.5 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems.O*NET Task ID 21742 | 0.5 |
Recommend procedures, equipment, or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use.O*NET Task ID 21743 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Produce data layers, maps, tables, or reports, using spatial analysis procedures or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. | 核心 |
| Design or prepare graphic representations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, using GIS hardware or software applications. | 核心 |
| Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. | 核心 |
| Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users. | 核心 |
| Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data. | 核心 |
| Review existing or incoming data for currency, accuracy, usefulness, quality, or completeness of documentation. | 核心 |
| Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software. | 核心 |
| Design or coordinate the development of integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial or non-spatial databases. | 核心 |
| Perform integrated or computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses to address scientific problems. | 核心 |
| Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information. | 核心 |
| Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications. | 核心 |
| Collect, compile, or integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, such as remote sensing or cartographic data for inclusion in map manuscripts. | 核心 |
| Interpret aerial or ortho photographs. | 核心 |
| Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems. | 核心 |
| Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications. | 核心 |
| Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software. | 核心 |
| Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications. | 核心 |
| Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures. | 核心 |
| Create visual representations of geospatial data, using complex procedures such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation. | 核心 |
| Transfer or rescale information from original photographs onto maps or other photographs. | 核心 |
| Conduct research, data analysis, systems design, or support for software such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) mapping software. | 核心 |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. | 核心 |
| Recommend procedures, equipment, or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use. | 核心 |
| Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements. | 补充 |
| Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information. | 补充 |
| Make recommendations regarding upgrades, considering implications of new or revised Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, equipment, or applications. | 补充 |
| Assist users in formulating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) requirements or understanding the implications of alternatives. | 补充 |
| Prepare training materials for, or make presentations to, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users. | 补充 |
| Apply three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) technologies to geospatial data to allow for new or different analyses or applications. | 补充 |
0.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
该职业的 O*NET 29.3 任务中没有被归类为体力任务的任务。
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 15-1299 组（Computer occupations, all other），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 471K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 495K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.1%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $116,580
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23164 | 공간정보 시스템 전문가 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 23169 | 그 외 측량 및 공간정보 전문가 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2519Software and Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的软件和应用开发人员及分析师
- ISCO-08 2529Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的数据库和网络专业人员
- ISCO-08 3511Information and Communications Technology Operations Technicians
信息和通信技术运行技术员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- geographic information systems specialistESCO 2165.3范围相同
Geographic information systems specialists use specialised computer systems, engineering measures, and geological concepts to process land, geographic, and geospatial information into visually detailed digital maps and geomodels of a reservoir. They convert technical information like soil density and properties into digital representations of it for the usage of engineers, governments, and stakeholders interested.
- cartographerESCO 2165.2有重叠，但不相同
Cartographers create maps by combining various scientific informations depending of the purpose of the map (e.g. topographic, urban, or political maps). They combine the interpretation of mathematical notes and measurements with the aesthetics and visual depiction of the site for developing the maps. They may also work on developing and improving geographic information systems and may perform scientific research within cartography.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| M1895 | Géomaticien / Géomaticienne | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| F1109 | Assistant / Assistante géomètre | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| M1808 | Cartographe | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2454 | Ingenieros geógrafos y cartógrafos | 相关，但不对应 |
| 3110 | Delineantes y dibujantes técnicos | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 31222 | Berufe in der Kartografie - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 43144 | Berufe in der Geoinformatik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 31223 | Berufe in der Kartografie - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 093 | 測量技術者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 109 | その他の情報処理・通信技術者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源