Water/Wastewater Engineers

Architecture and Engineering Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 17-2051.02

Design or oversee projects involving provision of potable water, disposal of wastewater and sewage, or prevention of flood-related damage. Prepare environmental documentation for water resources, regulatory program compliance, data management and analysis, and field work. Perform hydraulic modeling and pipeline design.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.008
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.30
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 23 项工作

已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 26 项（92.9%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 17-2081.01 Water/Wastewater Engineers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Analyze and recommend chemical, biological, or other wastewater treatment methods to prepare water for industrial or domestic use. 17-2081.01	0.003630.5	0.0016100.0
Provide technical support on water resource or treatment issues to government agencies. 17-2081.01	0.003428.8	—0
Design water run-off collection networks, water supply channels, or water supply system networks. 17-2081.01	0.003328.0	—0
Analyze the efficiency of water delivery structures, such as dams, tainter gates, canals, pipes, penstocks, or cofferdams. 17-2081.01	0.001512.7	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write technical reports or publications related to water resources development or water use efficiency. O*NET Task ID 16324	1.0
Provide technical direction or supervision to junior engineers, engineering or computer-aided design (CAD) technicians, or other technical personnel. O*NET Task ID 16327	1.0
Review and critique proposals, plans, or designs related to water or wastewater treatment systems. O*NET Task ID 16325	0.5
Provide technical support on water resource or treatment issues to government agencies. O*NET Task ID 16326	0.5
Identify design alternatives for the development of new water resources. O*NET Task ID 16328	0.5
Develop plans for new water resources or water efficiency programs. O*NET Task ID 16329	0.5
Design or select equipment for use in wastewater processing to ensure compliance with government standards. O*NET Task ID 16330	0.5
Conduct water quality studies to identify and characterize water pollutant sources. O*NET Task ID 16331	0.5
Perform mathematical modeling of underground or surface water resources, such as floodplains, ocean coastlines, streams, rivers, or wetlands. O*NET Task ID 16332	0.5
Perform hydrological analyses, using three-dimensional simulation software, to model the movement of water or forecast the dispersion of chemical pollutants in the water supply. O*NET Task ID 16333	0.5
Perform hydraulic analyses of water supply systems or water distribution networks to model flow characteristics, test for pressure losses, or to identify opportunities to mitigate risks and improve operational efficiency. O*NET Task ID 16334	0.5
Gather and analyze water use data to forecast water demand. O*NET Task ID 16336	0.5
Conduct feasibility studies for the construction of facilities, such as water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems. O*NET Task ID 16337	0.5
Conduct environmental impact studies related to water and wastewater collection, treatment, or distribution. O*NET Task ID 16338	0.5
Conduct cost-benefit analyses for the construction of water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems. O*NET Task ID 16339	0.5
Analyze the efficiency of water delivery structures, such as dams, tainter gates, canals, pipes, penstocks, or cofferdams. O*NET Task ID 16340	0.5
Analyze storm water or floodplain drainage systems to control erosion, stabilize river banks, repair channel streams, or design bridges. O*NET Task ID 16341	0.5
Analyze and recommend sludge treatment or disposal methods. O*NET Task ID 16342	0.5
Analyze and recommend chemical, biological, or other wastewater treatment methods to prepare water for industrial or domestic use. O*NET Task ID 16343	0.5
Design water storage tanks or other water storage facilities. O*NET Task ID 16344	0.5
Design water runoff collection networks, water supply channels, or water supply system networks. O*NET Task ID 16345	0.5
Design water or wastewater lift stations, including water wells. O*NET Task ID 16346	0.5
Design water distribution systems for potable or non-potable water. O*NET Task ID 16347	0.5
Design sludge treatment plants. O*NET Task ID 16348	0.5
Design pumping systems, pumping stations, pipelines, force mains, or sewers for the collection of wastewater. O*NET Task ID 16349	0.5
Evaluate the operation and maintenance of water or wastewater systems to identify ways to improve their efficiency. O*NET Task ID 21166	0.5
再显示 16 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（28 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Write technical reports or publications related to water resources development or water use efficiency.	核心
Review and critique proposals, plans, or designs related to water or wastewater treatment systems.	核心
Provide technical support on water resource or treatment issues to government agencies.	核心
Provide technical direction or supervision to junior engineers, engineering or computer-aided design (CAD) technicians, or other technical personnel.	核心
Identify design alternatives for the development of new water resources.	核心
Develop plans for new water resources or water efficiency programs.	核心
Design or select equipment for use in wastewater processing to ensure compliance with government standards.	核心
Conduct water quality studies to identify and characterize water pollutant sources.	核心
Perform hydrological analyses, using three-dimensional simulation software, to model the movement of water or forecast the dispersion of chemical pollutants in the water supply.	核心
Perform hydraulic analyses of water supply systems or water distribution networks to model flow characteristics, test for pressure losses, or to identify opportunities to mitigate risks and improve operational efficiency.	核心
Oversee the construction of decentralized or on-site wastewater treatment systems, including reclaimed water facilities.	核心
Gather and analyze water use data to forecast water demand.	核心
Conduct feasibility studies for the construction of facilities, such as water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems.	核心
Conduct environmental impact studies related to water and wastewater collection, treatment, or distribution.	核心
Conduct cost-benefit analyses for the construction of water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems.	核心
Analyze the efficiency of water delivery structures, such as dams, tainter gates, canals, pipes, penstocks, or cofferdams.	核心
Analyze storm water or floodplain drainage systems to control erosion, stabilize river banks, repair channel streams, or design bridges.	核心
Analyze and recommend sludge treatment or disposal methods.	核心
Analyze and recommend chemical, biological, or other wastewater treatment methods to prepare water for industrial or domestic use.	核心
Design water storage tanks or other water storage facilities.	核心
Design water runoff collection networks, water supply channels, or water supply system networks.	核心
Design water or wastewater lift stations, including water wells.	核心
Design water distribution systems for potable or non-potable water.	核心
Design sludge treatment plants.	核心
Design pumping systems, pumping stations, pipelines, force mains, or sewers for the collection of wastewater.	核心
Design domestic or industrial water or wastewater treatment plants, including advanced facilities with sequencing batch reactors (SBR), membranes, lift stations, headworks, surge overflow basins, ultraviolet disinfection systems, aerobic digesters, sludge lagoons, or control buildings.	核心
Evaluate the operation and maintenance of water or wastewater systems to identify ways to improve their efficiency.	核心
Perform mathematical modeling of underground or surface water resources, such as floodplains, ocean coastlines, streams, rivers, or wetlands.	补充

就业展望（BLS）

这些数值属于整个 SOC 17-2051 组（Civil engineers），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。

就业人数，2025: 381K
预计就业人数，2035: 405K
变化 (2025–35): +6.4%
年薪中位数，2025: $100,840
入职通常所需学历: Bachelor's degree

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
23712	수질 환경 기술자 및 연구원	有重叠，但不相同	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 2142Civil Engineers
土木工程师

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Civil engineers conduct research, advise on, design, and direct construction; manage the operation and maintenance of civil engineering structures; or study and advise on technological aspects of particular materials.

任务

(a) conducting research and developing new or improved theories and methods related to civil engineering;
(b) advising on and designing structures such as bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports, railways, canals, pipelines, waste-disposal and flood-control systems, and industrial and other large buildings;
(c) determining and specifying construction methods, materials and quality standards, and directing construction work;
(d) establishing control systems to ensure efficient functioning of structures as well as safety and environmental protection;
(e) organising and directing maintenance and repair of existing civil engineering structures;
(f) analysing the behaviour of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed structures and designing structural foundations;
(g) analysing the stability of structures and testing the behaviour and durability of materials used in their construction.

职业示例

Civil engineer · Geotechnical engineer · Structural engineer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

drainage engineerESCO 2142.1.3本职业范围更宽
Drainage engineers design and construct drainage systems for sewers and storm water systems. They evaluate the options to design drainage systems that meet the requirements while ensuring compliance with legislation and environmental standards and policies. Drainage engineers choose the most optimal drainage system to prevent floods, control irrigation and direct sewage away from water sources.
wastewater engineerESCO 2142.1.10本职业范围更宽
Wastewater engineers design sewage systems and networks for the removal and treatment of wastewater from cities and other residential areas. They design systems which are compliant with environmental standards, and aim to minimise impact on the ecosystem and on citizens in the vicinity of the network.
water engineerESCO 2142.1.11本职业范围更宽
Water engineers research and develop methods for the provision of clean water, water treatment and flood damage prevention and reaction. They research water needs in a location and develop methods for meeting those needs, such as designing and developing projects for managing water resources such as treatment plants, pipelines, pump systems, irrigation or draining systems and other water supply systems. Water engineers also ensure proper installation of these systems on construction sites. Water engineers also maintain, repair and build structures that control water resources, such as bridges, canals and dams.
water engineering technicianESCO 3112.1.13有重叠，但不相同
Water systems engineering technicians aid engineers in the development and implementation of water supply and water treatment systems. They monitor the operations to ensure compliance with health and safety regulations, check water quality and ensure implementation of water-related legislation.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
F1111	Ingénieur / Ingénieure génie civil	本职业范围更窄
H1534	Ingénieur / Ingénieure d'analyse industrielle	有重叠，但不相同
K1813	Chargé / Chargée de mission eaux pluviales	相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
2432	Ingenieros en construcción y obra civil	相关，但不对应
2437	Ingenieros ambientales	相关，但不对应
2462	Ingenieros técnicos de obras públicas	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
31144	Berufe in der Wasserwirtschaft - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更窄
34314	Berufe in der Wasserversorgungs- und Abwassertechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
31143	Berufe in der Wasserwirtschaft - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
092	土木技術者	本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源