Materials Engineers
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 17-2131.00
Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.29–0.30· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 2146Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Professionals0.29
- ISCO-08 2149Engineering Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.30
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 20 项工作已评分任务 21 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 17 项（81.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Evaluate technical specifications and economic factors relating to process or product design objectives.17-2131.00 | 0.0100100.0 | 0.0500100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Perform managerial functions, such as preparing proposals and budgets, analyzing labor costs, and writing reports.O*NET Task ID 9007 | 1.0 |
Write for technical magazines, journals, and trade association publications.O*NET Task ID 9018 | 1.0 |
Replicate the characteristics of materials and their components, using computers.O*NET Task ID 9019 | 1.0 |
Analyze product failure data and laboratory test results to determine causes of problems and develop solutions.O*NET Task ID 9001 | 0.5 |
Monitor material performance, and evaluate its deterioration.O*NET Task ID 9002 | 0.5 |
Supervise the work of technologists, technicians, and other engineers and scientists.O*NET Task ID 9003 | 0.5 |
Design and direct the testing or control of processing procedures.O*NET Task ID 9004 | 0.5 |
Evaluate technical specifications and economic factors relating to process or product design objectives.O*NET Task ID 9005 | 0.5 |
Conduct or supervise tests on raw materials or finished products to ensure their quality.O*NET Task ID 9006 | 0.5 |
Solve problems in a number of engineering fields, such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace.O*NET Task ID 9008 | 0.5 |
Plan and evaluate new projects, consulting with other engineers and corporate executives, as necessary.O*NET Task ID 9009 | 0.5 |
Review new product plans, and make recommendations for material selection, based on design objectives such as strength, weight, heat resistance, electrical conductivity, and cost.O*NET Task ID 9010 | 0.5 |
Design processing plants and equipment.O*NET Task ID 9011 | 0.5 |
Guide technical staff in developing materials for specific uses in projected products or devices.O*NET Task ID 9013 | 0.5 |
Plan and implement laboratory operations to develop material and fabrication procedures that meet cost, product specification, and performance standards.O*NET Task ID 9014 | 0.5 |
Determine appropriate methods for fabricating and joining materials.O*NET Task ID 9015 | 0.5 |
Present technical information at conferences.O*NET Task ID 21167 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（21 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Analyze product failure data and laboratory test results to determine causes of problems and develop solutions. | 核心 |
| Monitor material performance, and evaluate its deterioration. | 核心 |
| Supervise the work of technologists, technicians, and other engineers and scientists. | 核心 |
| Design and direct the testing or control of processing procedures. | 核心 |
| Evaluate technical specifications and economic factors relating to process or product design objectives. | 核心 |
| Conduct or supervise tests on raw materials or finished products to ensure their quality. | 核心 |
| Perform managerial functions, such as preparing proposals and budgets, analyzing labor costs, and writing reports. | 核心 |
| Solve problems in a number of engineering fields, such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace. | 核心 |
| Plan and evaluate new projects, consulting with other engineers and corporate executives, as necessary. | 核心 |
| Review new product plans, and make recommendations for material selection, based on design objectives such as strength, weight, heat resistance, electrical conductivity, and cost. | 核心 |
| Guide technical staff in developing materials for specific uses in projected products or devices. | 核心 |
| Plan and implement laboratory operations to develop material and fabrication procedures that meet cost, product specification, and performance standards. | 核心 |
| Determine appropriate methods for fabricating and joining materials. | 核心 |
| Conduct training sessions on new material products, applications, or manufacturing methods for customers and their employees. | 核心 |
| Supervise production and testing processes in industrial settings, such as metal refining facilities, smelting or foundry operations, or nonmetallic materials production operations. | 核心 |
| Replicate the characteristics of materials and their components, using computers. | 核心 |
| Design processing plants and equipment. | 补充 |
| Modify properties of metal alloys, using thermal and mechanical treatments. | 补充 |
| Write for technical magazines, journals, and trade association publications. | 补充 |
| Teach in colleges and universities. | 补充 |
| Present technical information at conferences. | 补充 |
0.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
该职业的 O*NET 29.3 任务中没有被归类为体力任务的任务。
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 24K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 26K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +7.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $112,860
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23311 | 금속공학 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23312 | 요업‧세라믹공학 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23313 | 시멘트공학 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23319 | 그 외 금속‧재료공학 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23921 | 섬유 소재 개발 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23922 | 섬유 공정 개발 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23923 | 염색 개발 공학 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23424 | 반도체소재 기술자 및 연구원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2146Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Professionals
采矿工程师、冶金学家及有关专业人员
- ISCO-08 2149Engineering Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的工程专业人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- material stress analystESCO 3115.1.9本职业范围更宽
Material stress analysts plan and use software to perform structural analyses including static, stability and fatigue analyses on a variety of machines. They develop analysis of primary and secondary structures. They prepare technical reports to document their analysis results, participate in design reviews and recommend process improvements. They also assist in the development of structural test plans.
- metallurgistESCO 2146.5本职业范围更宽
Metallurgists specialise in the extraction and processing of metals such as iron, steel, zinc, copper and aluminium. They work to mold or combine both pure and mixed metals (alloys) into new shapes and properties. Metallurgists handle the extraction of metal ores and develop their use in metal processing techniques. They may work in both manufacturing or do scientific research about the performance of metals.
- paper engineerESCO 2145.1.8本职业范围更宽
Paper engineers ensure an optimal production process in the manufacture of paper and related products. They select primary and secondary raw materials and check their quality. In addition, they optimize machinery and equipment usage as well as the chemical additives for paper making.
- surface engineerESCO 2141.3.3本职业范围更宽
Surface engineers research and develop technologies for manufacturing processes that assist in altering the properties of the surface of bulk material, such as metal, in order to reduce degradation by corrosion or wear. They explore and design how to protect surfaces of (metal) workpieces and products utilising sustainable materials and testing with a minimum of waste.
- synthetic materials engineerESCO 2145.2本职业范围更宽
Synthetic materials engineers develop new synthetic materials processes or improve existing ones. They design and construct installations and machines for the production of synthetic materials and examine samples of raw materials in order to ensure quality.
- textile, leather and footwear researcherESCO 2149.15本职业范围更宽
Textile, leather and footwear researchers combine knowledge of material sciences, chemistry, physics, process technologies, management, and engineering to contribute to future innovations within the fields of textile, wearing apparel, leather, and footwear. They collaborate in multidisciplinary projects in order to combine findings from a diverse array of science fields for product development.
- welding engineerESCO 2144.1.22本职业范围更宽
Welding engineers research and develop optimal effective welding techniques and design the corresponding, equally efficient equipment to aid in the welding process. They also conduct quality control and evaluate inspection procedures for welding activities. Welding engineers have advanced knowledge and critical understanding of welding technology application. They are able to manage high complex technical and professional activities or projects related to welding applications, while also taking responsibility for the decision making process.
- materials engineerESCO 2149.9有重叠，但不相同
Materials engineers research and design new or improved materials for a diverse number of applications. They analyse the composition of materials, conduct experiments, and develop new materials for industry-specific use that can range from rubber, to textiles, glass, metals, and chemicals. They advise companies in damage assessments, quality assurance of materials, and recycling of materials.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2514 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure en génie des matériaux | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| H1409 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure soudage | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H2509 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de fonderie ou de forge | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2439 | Ingenieros no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 2436 | Ingenieros de minas, metalúrgicos y afines | 相关，但不对应 |
| 2466 | Ingenieros técnicos de minas, metalúrgicos y afines | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 41424 | Berufe in der Werkstofftechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 范围相同 |
| 22104 | Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 24124 | Berufe in der Metallumformung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 24304 | Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 24424 | Berufe in der Schweiß- und Verbindungstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 28104 | Berufe in der Textiltechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 41434 | Berufe in der Baustoffprüfung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 24114 | Berufe in der Hüttentechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 22184 | Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung und -verarbeitung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 24134 | Berufe in der industriellen Gießerei - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 28123 | Berufe in der Textilherstellung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 28224 | Berufe in der Bekleidungs-, Hut- und Mützenherstellung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 28314 | Berufe in der Lederherstellung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 41433 | Berufe in der Baustoffprüfung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 076 | 金属技術者（開発） | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 086 | 金属技術者（開発を除く） | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 077 | 化学技術者（開発） | 相关，但不对应 |
| 079 | その他の製造技術者（開発） | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源