Architectural and Civil Drafters
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 17-3011.00
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.35
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 25 项工作已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 27 项（96.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 17-3011.01 Architectural Drafters; 17-3011.02 Civil Drafters 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's supervision.17-3011.01 | 0.006820.7 | 0.003540.2 |
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.17-3011.02 | 0.006118.5 | 0.002528.7 |
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.17-3011.01 | 0.006018.2 | —0 |
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client.17-3011.01 | 0.005516.7 | —0 |
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.17-3011.01 | 0.005316.1 | 0.002731.0 |
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary.17-3011.01 | 0.00175.2 | —0 |
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings.17-3011.01 | 0.00154.6 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing.O*NET Task ID 21924 | 1.0 |
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials.O*NET Task ID 21928 | 1.0 |
Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs.O*NET Task ID 21938 | 1.0 |
Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices.O*NET Task ID 21917 | 0.5 |
Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes.O*NET Task ID 21918 | 0.5 |
Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans.O*NET Task ID 21919 | 0.5 |
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.O*NET Task ID 21920 | 0.5 |
Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.O*NET Task ID 21921 | 0.5 |
Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software.O*NET Task ID 21922 | 0.5 |
Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods.O*NET Task ID 21925 | 0.5 |
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.O*NET Task ID 21926 | 0.5 |
Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports.O*NET Task ID 21927 | 0.5 |
Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials.O*NET Task ID 21929 | 0.5 |
Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings.O*NET Task ID 21930 | 0.5 |
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.O*NET Task ID 21931 | 0.5 |
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary.O*NET Task ID 21932 | 0.5 |
Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists.O*NET Task ID 21933 | 0.5 |
Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations.O*NET Task ID 21934 | 0.5 |
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings.O*NET Task ID 21935 | 0.5 |
Calculate excavation tonnage and prepare graphs and fill-hauling diagrams for use in earth-moving operations.O*NET Task ID 21936 | 0.5 |
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client.O*NET Task ID 21937 | 0.5 |
Plot characteristics of boreholes for oil and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey recordings and other data, representing depth, degree, and direction of inclination.O*NET Task ID 21939 | 0.5 |
Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments.O*NET Task ID 21940 | 0.5 |
Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures.O*NET Task ID 21941 | 0.5 |
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision.O*NET Task ID 21942 | 0.5 |
Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision.O*NET Task ID 21943 | 0.5 |
Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts.O*NET Task ID 21944 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices. | 核心 |
| Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans. | 核心 |
| Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs. | 核心 |
| Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures. | 核心 |
| Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software. | 核心 |
| Supervise and train other technologists, technicians, and drafters. | 核心 |
| Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing. | 核心 |
| Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods. | 核心 |
| Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data. | 核心 |
| Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports. | 核心 |
| Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings. | 核心 |
| Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary. | 核心 |
| Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary. | 核心 |
| Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision. | 核心 |
| Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts. | 核心 |
| Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes. | 补充 |
| Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials. | 补充 |
| Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials. | 补充 |
| Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists. | 补充 |
| Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations. | 补充 |
| Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings. | 补充 |
| Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client. | 补充 |
| Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs. | 补充 |
| Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments. | 补充 |
| Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures. | 补充 |
| Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision. | 补充 |
0.13/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 104K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 110K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.2%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $66,150
- 入职通常所需学历
- Associate's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23951 | 건축 제도사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23952 | 토목 제도사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 3118Draughtspersons
制图员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- drafterESCO 3118.3本职业范围更窄
Drafters prepare and create technical drawings using a special software or manual techniques, to show how something is built or works.
- architectural drafterESCO 3118.3.2本职业范围更宽
Architectural drafters make drawings of the specifications and ideas provided by architects. They draw architectural drawings using computer-aided equipment and software, or using conventional methods like paper and pen.
- civil drafterESCO 3118.3.4本职业范围更宽
Civil drafters draw and prepare sketches for civil engineers and architects of architectonic projects of different kinds, topographical maps, or for the reconstruction of existing structures. They lay down in the sketches all the specifications and requirements such as mathematical, aesthetic, engineering, and technical.
- computer-aided design operatorESCO 3118.3.5有重叠，但不相同
Computer-aided design operators use computer hardware and software in order to add the technical dimensions to computer aided design drawings. Computer-aided design operators ensure all additional aspects of the created images of products are accurate and realistic. They also calculate the amount of materials needed to manufacture the products. Later the finalised digital design is processed by computer-aided manufacturing machines that produce the finished product.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1104 | Dessinateur-projeteur / Dessinatrice-projeteuse de la construction | 范围相同暂定 |
| F1110 | Dessinateur / Dessinatrice enveloppe du bâtiment | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H2209 | Dessinateur / Dessinatrice de structures en bois | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| F1125 | BIM Manager | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| F1126 | Assistant / Assistante maîtrise d'œuvre en architecture | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3110 | Delineantes y dibujantes técnicos | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 27212 | Technische Zeichner/innen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 27223 | Berufe in der Konstruktion und im Gerätebau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 34323 | Berufe im Rohrleitungsbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 591 | 生産関連作業従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源