- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 19-1029.04
Research or study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.245
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.40
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 4 项工作已评分任务 22 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 18 项（81.8%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Program and use computers to store, process, and analyze data.O*NET Task ID 174 | 1.0 |
Communicate test results to state and federal representatives and general public.O*NET Task ID 177 | 1.0 |
Prepare requests for proposals or statements of work.O*NET Task ID 189 | 1.0 |
Write grant proposals to obtain funding for biological research.O*NET Task ID 21035 | 1.0 |
Collect and analyze biological data about relationships among and between organisms and their environment.O*NET Task ID 175 | 0.5 |
Study aquatic plants and animals and environmental conditions affecting them, such as radioactivity or pollution.O*NET Task ID 176 | 0.5 |
Identify, classify, and study structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, culture, and distribution of plant and animal species.O*NET Task ID 178 | 0.5 |
Plan and administer biological research programs for government, research firms, medical industries, or manufacturing firms.O*NET Task ID 181 | 0.5 |
Research environmental effects of present and potential uses of land and water areas, determining methods of improving environmental conditions or such outputs as crop yields.O*NET Task ID 182 | 0.5 |
Measure salinity, acidity, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life.O*NET Task ID 184 | 0.5 |
Teach or supervise students and perform research at universities and colleges.O*NET Task ID 185 | 0.5 |
Study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and function.O*NET Task ID 187 | 0.5 |
Study and manage wild animal populations.O*NET Task ID 188 | 0.5 |
Prepare plans for management of renewable resources.O*NET Task ID 191 | 0.5 |
Study reactions of plants, animals, and marine species to parasites.O*NET Task ID 193 | 0.5 |
Develop pest management and control measures, and conduct risk assessments related to pest exclusion, using scientific methods.O*NET Task ID 194 | 0.5 |
Prepare technical and research reports, such as environmental impact reports, and communicate the results to individuals in industry, government, or the general public.O*NET Task ID 18613 | 0.5 |
Review reports and proposals, such as those relating to land use classifications and recreational development, for accuracy, adequacy, or adherence to policies, regulations, or scientific standards.O*NET Task ID 18614 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（22 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Develop and maintain liaisons and effective working relations with groups and individuals, agencies, and the public to encourage cooperative management strategies or to develop information and interpret findings. | 核心 |
| Program and use computers to store, process, and analyze data. | 核心 |
| Collect and analyze biological data about relationships among and between organisms and their environment. | 核心 |
| Communicate test results to state and federal representatives and general public. | 核心 |
| Identify, classify, and study structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, culture, and distribution of plant and animal species. | 核心 |
| Represent employer in a technical capacity at conferences. | 核心 |
| Teach or supervise students and perform research at universities and colleges. | 核心 |
| Supervise biological technicians and technologists and other scientists. | 核心 |
| Study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and function. | 核心 |
| Prepare requests for proposals or statements of work. | 核心 |
| Prepare technical and research reports, such as environmental impact reports, and communicate the results to individuals in industry, government, or the general public. | 核心 |
| Review reports and proposals, such as those relating to land use classifications and recreational development, for accuracy, adequacy, or adherence to policies, regulations, or scientific standards. | 核心 |
| Write grant proposals to obtain funding for biological research. | 核心 |
| Study aquatic plants and animals and environmental conditions affecting them, such as radioactivity or pollution. | 补充 |
| Plan and administer biological research programs for government, research firms, medical industries, or manufacturing firms. | 补充 |
| Research environmental effects of present and potential uses of land and water areas, determining methods of improving environmental conditions or such outputs as crop yields. | 补充 |
| Measure salinity, acidity, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life. | 补充 |
| Study and manage wild animal populations. | 补充 |
| Prepare plans for management of renewable resources. | 补充 |
| Develop methods and apparatus for securing representative plant, animal, aquatic, or soil samples. | 补充 |
| Study reactions of plants, animals, and marine species to parasites. | 补充 |
| Develop pest management and control measures, and conduct risk assessments related to pest exclusion, using scientific methods. | 补充 |
0.48/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Collect and analyze biological data about relationships among and between organisms and their environment. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Identify, classify, and study structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, culture, and distribution of plant and animal species. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and function. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Develop methods and apparatus for securing representative plant, animal, aquatic, or soil samples. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Measure salinity, acidity, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Teach or supervise students and perform research at universities and colleges. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Study and manage wild animal populations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 19-1029 组（Biological scientists, all other），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 60K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 62K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.7%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $98,920
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21111 | 생물학 연구원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2131Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists and Related Professionals
生物学家、植物学家、动物学家及有关专业人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment, and apply this knowledge to solve human health and environmental problems. They work in diverse fields such as botany, zoology, ecology, marine biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, bacteriology and virology.
任务
- (a) undertaking research in laboratories and in the field to increase scientific knowledge of living organisms; to discover new information; to test hypotheses; to solve problems in areas such as the environment, agriculture and health; and to develop new products, processes and techniques for pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental use;
- (b) designing and conducting experiments and tests;
- (c) gathering human, animal, insect and plant specimens and data, and studying their origin, development, chemical and physical form, structure, composition, and life and reproductive processes;
- (d) examining living organisms using a variety of specialised equipment, instruments, technologies and techniques such as electron microscopes, telemetry, global positioning systems, biotechnology, satellite imaging, genetic engineering, digital imaging analysis, polymerase chain reaction and computer modelling;
- (e) identifying, classifying, recording and monitoring living organisms and maintaining databases;
- (f) writing scientific papers and reports detailing research and any new findings which are then made available to the scientific community in scientific journals or at conferences for scrutiny and further debate;
- (g) designing and carrying out environmental impact assessments to identify changes caused by natural or human factors;
- (h) providing advice to governments, organizations and businesses in areas such as conservation, management of natural resources, the effects of climate change and pollution.
职业示例
Animal behaviourist · Bacteriologist · Biochemist · Biologist · Biomedical researcher · Biotechnologist · Botanist · Cell geneticist · Marine biologist · Microbiologist · Molecular biologist · Molecular geneticist · Pharmacologist · Zoologist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- biologistESCO 2131.4范围相同
Biologists study living organisms and life in its broader extent in combination with its environment. Through research, they strive to explain the functional mechanisms, interactions, and evolution of organisms.
- aquaculture biologistESCO 2131.4.1本职业范围更宽
Aquaculture biologists apply knowledge gained from research about aquatic animals and plant life and their interactions with each other and the environment, in order to improve aquaculture production, prevent animal health and environmental problems and to provide solutions if necessary.
- biophysicistESCO 2131.4.4本职业范围更宽
Biophysicists study the existing relation between living organisms and physics. They conduct research on living organisms based on the methods of physics that aim to explain the complexity of life, predict patterns, and draw conclusions about aspects of life. Biophysicists' research fields cover DNA, proteins, molecules, cells, and environments.
- microbiologistESCO 2131.4.9本职业范围更宽
Microbiologists study and research the life forms, characteristics, and processes of microscopic organisms. They study microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, etc. in order to diagnose and counteract the effects that these microorganisms might have in animals, in the environment, in the food industry, or in the health care industry.
- bioinformatics scientistESCO 2131.3有重叠，但不相同
Bioinformatics scientists analyse biological processes using computer programmes. They maintain or construct databases containing biological information. Bioinformatics scientists gather and analyse biological data and may also assist scientists in various fields, including in biotechnology and pharmaceutics. They perform scientific research and statistical analyses, and report on their findings. Bioinformatics scientists may also collect DNA samples, discover data patterns and conduct genetic research.
- biology technicianESCO 3141.2.3有重叠，但不相同
Biology technicians provide technical assistance in researching and analysing the relationship between living organisms and their environment. They use laboratory equipment to examine organic substances such as bodily fluids, medicines, plants and food. They collect and analyse data for experiments, compile reports and maintain laboratory stock.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| K2413 | Chercheur / Chercheuse des écosystèmes | 本职业范围更宽 |
| K2412 | Chercheur / Chercheuse du monde aquatique | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K2420 | Chercheur / Chercheuse du monde forestier | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K2402 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de recherche scientifique | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| F1142 | Océanographe | 相关，但不对应 |
| K2417 | Chercheur / Chercheuse du monde marin | 相关，但不对应 |
| K2419 | Botaniste | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2421 | Biólogos, botánicos, zoólogos y afines | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 41204 | Berufe in der Biologie (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 范围相同 |
| 41203 | Berufe in der Biologie (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 41244 | Berufe in der Biologie (Botanik) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 051 | 自然科学系研究者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源