Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
19-3032.00

Apply principles of psychology to human resources, administration, management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include policy planning; employee testing and selection, training, and development; and organizational development and analysis. May work with management to organize the work setting to improve worker productivity.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    很高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.158

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.39

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 3 项工作

已评分任务 25 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 22 项（88.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write reports on research findings and implications to contribute to general knowledge or to suggest potential changes in organizational functioning.

O*NET Task ID 7563

1.0
Write articles, white papers, or reports to share research findings and educate others.

O*NET Task ID 20226

1.0
Develop and implement employee selection or placement programs.

O*NET Task ID 7560

0.5
Analyze job requirements and content to establish criteria for classification, selection, training, and other related personnel functions.

O*NET Task ID 7561

0.5
Advise management concerning personnel, managerial, and marketing policies and practices and their potential effects on organizational effectiveness and efficiency.

O*NET Task ID 7564

0.5
Identify training and development needs.

O*NET Task ID 7565

0.5
Conduct research studies of physical work environments, organizational structures, communication systems, group interactions, morale, or motivation to assess organizational functioning.

O*NET Task ID 7566

0.5
Formulate and implement training programs, applying principles of learning and individual differences.

O*NET Task ID 7567

0.5
Develop interview techniques, rating scales, and psychological tests used to assess skills, abilities, and interests for the purpose of employee selection, placement, or promotion.

O*NET Task ID 7568

0.5
Assess employee performance.

O*NET Task ID 7569

0.5
Study organizational effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency, including the nature of workplace supervision and leadership.

O*NET Task ID 7570

0.5
Facilitate organizational development and change.

O*NET Task ID 7571

0.5
Analyze data, using statistical methods and applications, to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of workplace programs.

O*NET Task ID 7572

0.5
Study consumers' reactions to new products and package designs, and to advertising efforts, using surveys and tests.

O*NET Task ID 7574

0.5
Participate in mediation and dispute resolution.

O*NET Task ID 7575

0.5
Conduct presentations on research findings for clients or at research meetings.

O*NET Task ID 20222

0.5
Provide expert testimony in employment lawsuits.

O*NET Task ID 20223

0.5
Review research literature to remain current on psychological science issues.

O*NET Task ID 20224

0.5
Conduct individual assessments, including interpreting measures and providing feedback for selection, placement, or promotion.

O*NET Task ID 20225

0.5
Develop new business by contacting potential clients, making sales presentations, and writing proposals.

O*NET Task ID 20227

0.5
Train clients to administer human resources functions, including testing, selection, and performance management.

O*NET Task ID 20228

0.5
Provide advice on best practices and implementation for selection.

O*NET Task ID 20230

0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Develop and implement employee selection or placement programs.核心
Analyze job requirements and content to establish criteria for classification, selection, training, and other related personnel functions.核心
Observe and interview workers to obtain information about the physical, mental, and educational requirements of jobs, as well as information about aspects such as job satisfaction.核心
Write reports on research findings and implications to contribute to general knowledge or to suggest potential changes in organizational functioning.核心
Advise management concerning personnel, managerial, and marketing policies and practices and their potential effects on organizational effectiveness and efficiency.核心
Identify training and development needs.核心
Conduct research studies of physical work environments, organizational structures, communication systems, group interactions, morale, or motivation to assess organizational functioning.核心
Formulate and implement training programs, applying principles of learning and individual differences.核心
Develop interview techniques, rating scales, and psychological tests used to assess skills, abilities, and interests for the purpose of employee selection, placement, or promotion.核心
Assess employee performance.核心
Study organizational effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency, including the nature of workplace supervision and leadership.核心
Facilitate organizational development and change.核心
Analyze data, using statistical methods and applications, to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of workplace programs.核心
Counsel workers about job and career-related issues.核心
Conduct presentations on research findings for clients or at research meetings.核心
Provide expert testimony in employment lawsuits.核心
Review research literature to remain current on psychological science issues.核心
Conduct individual assessments, including interpreting measures and providing feedback for selection, placement, or promotion.核心
Write articles, white papers, or reports to share research findings and educate others.核心
Develop new business by contacting potential clients, making sales presentations, and writing proposals.核心
Train clients to administer human resources functions, including testing, selection, and performance management.核心
Coach senior executives and managers on leadership and performance.核心
Provide advice on best practices and implementation for selection.核心
Study consumers' reactions to new products and package designs, and to advertising efforts, using surveys and tests.补充
Participate in mediation and dispute resolution.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
4K
预计就业人数，2035
4K
变化 (2025–35)
+6.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$193,950
入职通常所需学历
Master's degree
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
21216심리학 연구원本职业范围更窄已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 2634Psychologists

    心理学家

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Psychologists research into and study the mental processes and behaviour of human beings as individuals or in groups, and apply this knowledge to promote personal, social, educational or occupational adjustment and development.

任务

  • (a) planning and carrying out tests to measure mental, physical and other characteristics such as intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, potentialities, etc., interpreting and evaluating results, and providing advice;
  • (b) analysing the effect of heredity, social, occupational and other factors on individual thought and behaviour;
  • (c) conducting counselling or therapeutic interviews with individuals and groups, and providing follow-up services;
  • (d) maintaining required contacts, such as those with family members, educational authorities or employers, and recommending possible solutions to, and treatment of, problems;
  • (e) studying psychological factors in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and emotional or personality disorders, and conferring with related professionals;
  • (f) preparing scholarly papers and reports;
  • (g) formulating achievement, diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and content of instruction;
  • (h) conducting surveys and research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision and management;
  • (e) developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe human behaviour.

职业示例

Clinical psychologist · Educational psychologist · Organizational psychologist · Psychotherapist · Sports psychologist

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • psychologistESCO 2634.2本职业范围更窄

    Psychologists study the behaviour and mental processes in humans. They provide services to clients who deal with mental health issues and life issues such as bereavement, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. They also provide counselling for mental health issues such as eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and psychosis in order to help the clients rehabilitate and reach a healthy behaviour.

  • occupational analystESCO 2423.5有重叠，但不相同

    Occupational analysts collect and analyse occupational information within one field or company in order to make recommendations for reducing costs and general business improvements. They provide technical assistance to employers in dealing with problematic staff recruitment and development and with staff restructuring. Occupational analysts study and write job descriptions and prepare occupational classification systems.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
K1113Psychologue du travail范围相同暂定
M1402Responsable en organisation en entreprise相关，但不对应暂定
M1508Conseiller / Conseillère en gestion de carrière相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
2823Psicólogos本职业范围更窄
2624Especialistas en políticas y servicios de personal y afines相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
81614Berufe in der nicht klinischen Psychologie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
052人文・社会科学系等研究者相关，但不对应
189その他の経営・金融・保険専門職業従事者相关，但不对应
243カウンセラー(医療・福祉施設を除く)相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源