Clinical and Counseling Psychologists
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 19-3033.00
Assess, diagnose, and treat mental and emotional disorders of individuals through observation, interview, and psychological tests. Help individuals with distress or maladjustment understand their problems through their knowledge of case history, interviews with patients, and theory. Provide individual or group counseling services to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social, educational, and vocational development and adjustment. May design behavior modification programs and consult with medical personnel regarding the best treatment for patients.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.059
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.39
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 22 项工作已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 20 项（66.7%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Interact with clients to assist them in gaining insight, defining goals, and planning action to achieve effective personal, social, educational, or vocational development and adjustment.19-3033.00 | 0.390052.7 | 0.090034.6 |
Counsel individuals, groups, or families to help them understand problems, deal with crisis situations, define goals, and develop realistic action plans.19-3033.00 | 0.160021.6 | 0.030011.5 |
Provide consulting services, including educational programs, outreach programs, or prevention talks to schools, social service agencies, businesses, or the general public.19-3033.00 | 0.080010.8 | 0.01003.8 |
Collect information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods.19-3033.00 | 0.06008.1 | 0.130050.0 |
Provide occupational, educational, or other information to individuals so that they can make educational or vocational plans.19-3033.00 | 0.02002.7 | 0.00000.0 |
Consult with or provide consultation to other doctors, therapists, or clinicians regarding patient care.19-3033.00 | 0.01001.4 | 0.00000.0 |
Advise clients on how they could be helped by counseling.19-3033.00 | 0.01001.4 | 0.00000.0 |
Refer clients to other specialists, institutions, or support services as necessary.19-3033.00 | 0.01001.4 | 0.00000.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Document patient information including session notes, progress notes, recommendations, and treatment plans.O*NET Task ID 22165 | 1.0 |
Write reports on clients and maintain required paperwork.O*NET Task ID 22170 | 1.0 |
Prepare written evaluations of individuals' psychological competence for court hearings.O*NET Task ID 22191 | 1.0 |
Collect information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods.O*NET Task ID 22163 | 0.5 |
Develop therapeutic and treatment plans based on clients' interests, abilities, or needs.O*NET Task ID 22167 | 0.5 |
Identify psychological, emotional, or behavioral issues and diagnose disorders, using information obtained from interviews, tests, records, or reference materials.O*NET Task ID 22168 | 0.5 |
Consult with or provide consultation to other doctors, therapists, or clinicians regarding patient care.O*NET Task ID 22171 | 0.5 |
Obtain and study medical, psychological, social, and family histories by interviewing individuals, couples, or families and by reviewing records.O*NET Task ID 22172 | 0.5 |
Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling or treatments and the accuracy and completeness of diagnoses, modifying plans or diagnoses as necessary.O*NET Task ID 22173 | 0.5 |
Select, administer, score, and interpret psychological tests to obtain information on individuals' intelligence, achievements, interests, or personalities.O*NET Task ID 22174 | 0.5 |
Develop and implement individual treatment plans, specifying type, frequency, intensity, and duration of therapy.O*NET Task ID 22176 | 0.5 |
Refer clients to other specialists, institutions, or support services as necessary.O*NET Task ID 22178 | 0.5 |
Maintain current knowledge of relevant research.O*NET Task ID 22179 | 0.5 |
Consult reference material, such as textbooks, manuals, or journals, to identify symptoms, make diagnoses, or develop approaches to treatment.O*NET Task ID 22180 | 0.5 |
Provide occupational, educational, or other information to individuals so that they can make educational or vocational plans.O*NET Task ID 22183 | 0.5 |
Plan and develop accredited psychological service programs in psychiatric centers or hospitals, in collaboration with psychiatrists and other professional staff.O*NET Task ID 22184 | 0.5 |
Develop, direct, and participate in training programs for staff and students.O*NET Task ID 22186 | 0.5 |
Provide psychological or administrative services and advice to private firms or community agencies regarding mental health programs or individual cases.O*NET Task ID 22187 | 0.5 |
Conduct research to develop or improve diagnostic or therapeutic counseling techniques.O*NET Task ID 22188 | 0.5 |
Plan, supervise, and conduct psychological research and write papers describing research results.O*NET Task ID 22189 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（30 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Collect information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods. | 核心 |
| Counsel individuals, groups, or families to help them understand problems, deal with crisis situations, define goals, and develop realistic action plans. | 核心 |
| Document patient information including session notes, progress notes, recommendations, and treatment plans. | 核心 |
| Interact with clients to assist them in gaining insight, defining goals, and planning action to achieve effective personal, social, educational, or vocational development and adjustment. | 核心 |
| Develop therapeutic and treatment plans based on clients' interests, abilities, or needs. | 核心 |
| Identify psychological, emotional, or behavioral issues and diagnose disorders, using information obtained from interviews, tests, records, or reference materials. | 核心 |
| Use a variety of treatment methods, such as psychotherapy, hypnosis, behavior modification, stress reduction therapy, psychodrama, or play therapy. | 核心 |
| Write reports on clients and maintain required paperwork. | 核心 |
| Consult with or provide consultation to other doctors, therapists, or clinicians regarding patient care. | 核心 |
| Obtain and study medical, psychological, social, and family histories by interviewing individuals, couples, or families and by reviewing records. | 核心 |
| Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling or treatments and the accuracy and completeness of diagnoses, modifying plans or diagnoses as necessary. | 核心 |
| Select, administer, score, and interpret psychological tests to obtain information on individuals' intelligence, achievements, interests, or personalities. | 核心 |
| Advise clients on how they could be helped by counseling. | 核心 |
| Develop and implement individual treatment plans, specifying type, frequency, intensity, and duration of therapy. | 核心 |
| Consult with other professionals, agencies, or universities to discuss therapies, treatments, counseling resources or techniques, and to share occupational information. | 核心 |
| Refer clients to other specialists, institutions, or support services as necessary. | 核心 |
| Maintain current knowledge of relevant research. | 核心 |
| Consult reference material, such as textbooks, manuals, or journals, to identify symptoms, make diagnoses, or develop approaches to treatment. | 核心 |
| Provide consulting services, including educational programs, outreach programs, or prevention talks to schools, social service agencies, businesses, or the general public. | 核心 |
| Provide occupational, educational, or other information to individuals so that they can make educational or vocational plans. | 核心 |
| Plan and develop accredited psychological service programs in psychiatric centers or hospitals, in collaboration with psychiatrists and other professional staff. | 核心 |
| Direct, coordinate, and evaluate activities of staff and interns engaged in patient assessment and treatment. | 核心 |
| Develop, direct, and participate in training programs for staff and students. | 核心 |
| Conduct research to develop or improve diagnostic or therapeutic counseling techniques. | 核心 |
| Conduct assessments of patients' risk for harm to self or others. | 核心 |
| Prepare written evaluations of individuals' psychological competence for court hearings. | 核心 |
| Supervise and train interns, clinicians in training, and other counselors. | 核心 |
| Observe individuals at play, in group interactions, or in other contexts to detect indications of cognitive, intellectual, or developmental disabilities. | 补充 |
| Provide psychological or administrative services and advice to private firms or community agencies regarding mental health programs or individual cases. | 补充 |
| Plan, supervise, and conduct psychological research and write papers describing research results. | 补充 |
0.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
该职业的 O*NET 29.3 任务中没有被归类为体力任务的任务。
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 81K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 91K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +11.7%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $100,580
- 入职通常所需学历
- Doctoral or professional degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24670 | 임상심리사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 25330 | 상담 전문가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 24693 | 놀이 및 행동치료사 | 相关，但不对应 | 已审核 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2634Psychologists
心理学家
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Psychologists research into and study the mental processes and behaviour of human beings as individuals or in groups, and apply this knowledge to promote personal, social, educational or occupational adjustment and development.
任务
- (a) planning and carrying out tests to measure mental, physical and other characteristics such as intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, potentialities, etc., interpreting and evaluating results, and providing advice;
- (b) analysing the effect of heredity, social, occupational and other factors on individual thought and behaviour;
- (c) conducting counselling or therapeutic interviews with individuals and groups, and providing follow-up services;
- (d) maintaining required contacts, such as those with family members, educational authorities or employers, and recommending possible solutions to, and treatment of, problems;
- (e) studying psychological factors in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and emotional or personality disorders, and conferring with related professionals;
- (f) preparing scholarly papers and reports;
- (g) formulating achievement, diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and content of instruction;
- (h) conducting surveys and research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision and management;
- (e) developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe human behaviour.
职业示例
Clinical psychologist · Educational psychologist · Organizational psychologist · Psychotherapist · Sports psychologist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- psychologistESCO 2634.2范围相同
Psychologists study the behaviour and mental processes in humans. They provide services to clients who deal with mental health issues and life issues such as bereavement, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. They also provide counselling for mental health issues such as eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and psychosis in order to help the clients rehabilitate and reach a healthy behaviour.
- assistant clinical psychologistESCO 3259.2本职业范围更宽
Assistant clinical psychologists aid psychologists in their work. They work in healthcare facilities or private practices where they assist psychologists with their treatment of patients. Assistant clinical psychologists are healthcare professionals that can assess patients with psychological tests and aid with therapy, as well as performing administrative functions.
- clinical psychologistESCO 2634.2.1本职业范围更宽
Clinical psychologists diagnose, rehabilitate, and support individuals affected by mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders and problems as well as mental changes and pathogenic conditions through use of cognitive tools and appropriate intervention. They use clinical psychological resources on the basis of psychological science, its findings, theories, methods, and techniques for the investigation, interpretation, and prediction of human experience and behaviour.
- educational psychologistESCO 2634.2.2本职业范围更宽
Educational psychologists are psychologists employed by educational institutions to provide psychological and emotional support to students in need. They are specialised in the provision of direct support and interventions to students, conducting psychological testing and assessment, and consulting with families, teachers and other school-based student support professionals, such as school social workers and educational counsellors, about the students. They may also work with the school administration to improve practical support strategies in order to improve the students' well-being.
- health psychologistESCO 2634.2.3本职业范围更宽
Health psychologists deal with the various aspects of health related behaviour of individuals and groups, by helping individuals or groups prevent illness and promote healthy behaviours by also providing counseling services. They perform tasks for the development of health promotion activities and projects on the basis of psychological science, research findings, theories, methods and techniques. They also engage in research about health related issues to influence public policy on health care issues.
- psychotherapistESCO 2634.2.4本职业范围更宽
Psychotherapists assist and treat healthcare users with varying degrees of psychological, psychosocial, or psychosomatic behavioural disorders and pathogenic conditions by means of psychotherapeutic methods. They promote personal development and well-being and provide advice on improving relationships, capabilities, and problem-solving techniques. They use science-based psychotherapeutic methods such as behavioural therapy, existential analysis and logotherapy, psychoanalysis or systemic family therapy in order to guide the patients in their development and help them search for appropriate solutions to their problems. Psychotherapists are not required to have academic degrees in psychology or a medical qualification in psychiatry. It is an independent occupation from psychology, psychiatry, and counselling.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| K1104 | Psychologue | 范围相同暂定 |
| J1138 | Sexologue | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| K1107 | Conseiller / Conseillère d'orientation psychologue | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| K1111 | Psychanalyste | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2159 | Profesionales de la salud no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 2823 | Psicólogos | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 81624 | Berufe in der klinischen Psychologie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 81634 | Berufe in der nicht ärztlichen Psychotherapie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 159 | 他に分類されない保健医療従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 243 | カウンセラー(医療・福祉施設を除く) | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源