Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 27-1013.00
Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.357
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.21–0.35· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 2651Visual Artists0.21
- ISCO-08 3118Draughtspersons0.35
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 11 项工作已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 26 项（81.3%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages.27-1013.00 | 0.060623.9 | 0.042975.9 |
Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork.27-1013.00 | 0.058323.0 | —0 |
Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods.27-1013.00 | 0.037214.7 | —0 |
Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging.27-1013.00 | 0.035614.1 | 0.00152.7 |
Monitor events, trends, and other circumstances, research specific subject areas, attend art exhibitions, and read art publications to develop ideas and keep current on art world activities.27-1013.00 | 0.02238.8 | 0.00468.1 |
Confer with clients, editors, writers, art directors, and other interested parties regarding the nature and content of artwork to be produced.27-1013.00 | 0.01285.1 | 0.00478.3 |
Maintain portfolios of artistic work to demonstrate styles, interests, and abilities.27-1013.00 | 0.00562.2 | 0.00285.0 |
Create and prepare sketches and model drawings of cartoon characters, providing details from memory, live models, manufactured products, or reference materials.27-1013.00 | 0.00421.7 | —0 |
Study different techniques to learn how to apply them to artistic endeavors.27-1013.00 | 0.00351.4 | —0 |
Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons.27-1013.00 | 0.00321.3 | —0 |
Render sequential drawings that can be turned into animated films or advertisements.27-1013.00 | 0.00261.0 | —0 |
Create sculptures, statues, and other three-dimensional artwork by using abrasives and tools to shape, carve, and fabricate materials such as clay, stone, wood, or metal.27-1013.00 | 0.00220.9 | —0 |
Cut, bend, laminate, arrange, and fasten individual or mixed raw and manufactured materials and products to form works of art.27-1013.00 | 0.00190.8 | —0 |
Render drawings, illustrations, and sketches of buildings, manufactured products, or models, working from sketches, blueprints, memory, models, or reference materials.27-1013.00 | 0.00160.6 | —0 |
Collaborate with writers who create ideas, stories, or captions that are combined with artists' work.27-1013.00 | 0.00160.6 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork.O*NET Task ID 10989 | 0.5 |
Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods.O*NET Task ID 10990 | 0.5 |
Confer with clients, editors, writers, art directors, and other interested parties regarding the nature and content of artwork to be produced.O*NET Task ID 10991 | 0.5 |
Submit preliminary or finished artwork or project plans to clients for approval, incorporating changes as necessary.O*NET Task ID 10992 | 0.5 |
Maintain portfolios of artistic work to demonstrate styles, interests, and abilities.O*NET Task ID 10993 | 0.5 |
Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages.O*NET Task ID 10994 | 0.5 |
Monitor events, trends, and other circumstances, research specific subject areas, attend art exhibitions, and read art publications to develop ideas and keep current on art world activities.O*NET Task ID 10996 | 0.5 |
Study different techniques to learn how to apply them to artistic endeavors.O*NET Task ID 10997 | 0.5 |
Render drawings, illustrations, and sketches of buildings, manufactured products, or models, working from sketches, blueprints, memory, models, or reference materials.O*NET Task ID 10998 | 0.5 |
Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging.O*NET Task ID 10999 | 0.5 |
Study styles, techniques, colors, textures, and materials used in works undergoing restoration to ensure consistency during the restoration process.O*NET Task ID 11001 | 0.5 |
Develop project budgets for approval, estimating time lines and material costs.O*NET Task ID 11002 | 0.5 |
Shade and fill in sketch outlines and backgrounds, using a variety of media such as water colors, markers, and transparent washes, labeling designated colors when necessary.O*NET Task ID 11003 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with engineers, mechanics, and other technical experts as necessary to build and install creations.O*NET Task ID 11004 | 0.5 |
Create and prepare sketches and model drawings of cartoon characters, providing details from memory, live models, manufactured products, or reference materials.O*NET Task ID 11005 | 0.5 |
Examine and test paintings in need of restoration or cleaning to determine techniques and materials to be used.O*NET Task ID 11006 | 0.5 |
Create graphics, illustrations, and three-dimensional models to be used in research or in teaching, such as in demonstrating anatomy, pathology, or surgical procedures.O*NET Task ID 11007 | 0.5 |
Brush or spray protective or decorative finishes on completed background panels, informational legends, exhibit accessories, or finished paintings.O*NET Task ID 11008 | 0.5 |
Trace drawings onto clear acetate for painting or coloring, or trace them with ink to make final copies.O*NET Task ID 11009 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with writers who create ideas, stories, or captions that are combined with artists' work.O*NET Task ID 11012 | 0.5 |
Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons.O*NET Task ID 11013 | 0.5 |
Render sequential drawings that can be turned into animated films or advertisements.O*NET Task ID 11014 | 0.5 |
Market artwork through brochures, mailings, or Web sites.O*NET Task ID 20990 | 0.5 |
Photograph objects, places, or scenes for reference material.O*NET Task ID 20991 | 0.5 |
Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale.O*NET Task ID 20992 | 0.5 |
Submit artwork to shows or galleries.O*NET Task ID 20994 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（28 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork. | 核心 |
| Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods. | 核心 |
| Confer with clients, editors, writers, art directors, and other interested parties regarding the nature and content of artwork to be produced. | 核心 |
| Maintain portfolios of artistic work to demonstrate styles, interests, and abilities. | 核心 |
| Monitor events, trends, and other circumstances, research specific subject areas, attend art exhibitions, and read art publications to develop ideas and keep current on art world activities. | 核心 |
| Study different techniques to learn how to apply them to artistic endeavors. | 核心 |
| Market artwork through brochures, mailings, or Web sites. | 核心 |
| Photograph objects, places, or scenes for reference material. | 核心 |
| Submit preliminary or finished artwork or project plans to clients for approval, incorporating changes as necessary. | 补充 |
| Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages. | 补充 |
| Cut, bend, laminate, arrange, and fasten individual or mixed raw and manufactured materials and products to form works of art. | 补充 |
| Render drawings, illustrations, and sketches of buildings, manufactured products, or models, working from sketches, blueprints, memory, models, or reference materials. | 补充 |
| Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging. | 补充 |
| Create sculptures, statues, and other three-dimensional artwork by using abrasives and tools to shape, carve, and fabricate materials such as clay, stone, wood, or metal. | 补充 |
| Develop project budgets for approval, estimating time lines and material costs. | 补充 |
| Shade and fill in sketch outlines and backgrounds, using a variety of media such as water colors, markers, and transparent washes, labeling designated colors when necessary. | 补充 |
| Collaborate with engineers, mechanics, and other technical experts as necessary to build and install creations. | 补充 |
| Create and prepare sketches and model drawings of cartoon characters, providing details from memory, live models, manufactured products, or reference materials. | 补充 |
| Brush or spray protective or decorative finishes on completed background panels, informational legends, exhibit accessories, or finished paintings. | 补充 |
| Trace drawings onto clear acetate for painting or coloring, or trace them with ink to make final copies. | 补充 |
| Apply solvents and cleaning agents to clean surfaces of paintings, and to remove accretions, discolorations, and deteriorated varnish. | 补充 |
| Model substances such as clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects. | 补充 |
| Collaborate with writers who create ideas, stories, or captions that are combined with artists' work. | 补充 |
| Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons. | 补充 |
| Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale. | 补充 |
| Frame and mat artwork for display or sale. | 补充 |
| Submit artwork to shows or galleries. | 补充 |
| Teach artistic techniques to children or adults. | 补充 |
0.62/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Photograph objects, places, or scenes for reference material. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Submit preliminary or finished artwork or project plans to clients for approval, incorporating changes as necessary. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut, bend, laminate, arrange, and fasten individual or mixed raw and manufactured materials and products to form works of art. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Create sculptures, statues, and other three-dimensional artwork by using abrasives and tools to shape, carve, and fabricate materials such as clay, stone, wood, or metal. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Shade and fill in sketch outlines and backgrounds, using a variety of media such as water colors, markers, and transparent washes, labeling designated colors when necessary. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Brush or spray protective or decorative finishes on completed background panels, informational legends, exhibit accessories, or finished paintings. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Trace drawings onto clear acetate for painting or coloring, or trace them with ink to make final copies. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Apply solvents and cleaning agents to clean surfaces of paintings, and to remove accretions, discolorations, and deteriorated varnish. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Model substances such as clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Frame and mat artwork for display or sale. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 29K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 28K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -2.9%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $55,490
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29411 | 화가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 29412 | 조각가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 29413 | 서예가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 29431 | 만화가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 29544 | 삽화가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 29491 | 영상 및 미디어 예술가 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2651Visual Artists
视觉艺术家
- ISCO-08 3118Draughtspersons
制图员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- conceptual artistESCO 2651.5范围相同
Conceptual artists have the capacity to choose any material as an artistic tool or/and material to express a creative concept to be presented as an artistic experience to the public. Their work, belonging to the fine arts, can be two-dimensional (drawing, painting, collage), three-dimensional (sculpture, installation) or four-dimensional (moving images, performance).
- artistic painterESCO 2651.1本职业范围更宽
Artistic painters create paintings in oil or water colours or pastel, miniatures, collages, and drawings executed directly by the artist and/or entirely under their control .
- cartoonistESCO 2651.3本职业范围更宽
Cartoonists draw people, objects, events, etc. in a comical or derogatory way. They exaggerate physical features and personality traits. Cartoonists also portray political, economic, cultural ans social events in a humoristic way.
- decorative painterESCO 7316.1本职业范围更宽
Decorative painters design and create visual art on different kinds of surfaces such as pottery, casings, glass and fabric. They use diverse materials and a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- digital artistESCO 2166.6本职业范围更宽
Digital artists create art which applies digital technology as an essential part of the creative process. Digital art is usually created using computers or more specialised digital equipment. It may be enjoyed using the same instruments, shared over the internet, or presented using more traditional media.
- drawing artistESCO 2651.6本职业范围更宽
Drawing artists express concepts by providing a drawn representation corresponding to the idea.
- illustratorESCO 2166.11本职业范围更宽
Illustrators provide a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. Illustrations can help clarify difficult concepts or objects that are hard to describe textually. Illustrators can work for books, magazines, journals, comic books and other publications.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| B1101 | Artiste Plasticien / Plasticienne | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1103 | Sculpteur / Sculptrice | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1104 | Artiste peintre | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| E1211 | Dessinateur-illustrateur / Dessinatrice-illustratrice | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2931 | Artistas de artes plásticas y visuales | 范围相同暂定 |
| 2484 | Diseñadores gráficos y multimedia | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 93323 | Kunstmaler/innen und Zeichner/innen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 93304 | Berufe in Kunsthandwerk und bildender Kunst (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 93312 | Berufe in der Bildhauerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 93313 | Berufe in der Bildhauerei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 94612 | Berufe in der Bühnen- und Kostümbildnerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 221 | 彫刻家 | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 222 | 画家，書家 | 本职业范围更宽 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源