Commercial and Industrial Designers

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
27-1021.00

Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.044

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.35

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 13 项工作

已评分任务 17 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 16 项（94.1%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 30.2)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Modify and refine designs, using working models, to conform with customer specifications, production limitations, or changes in design trends.

27-1021.00

0.100058.80.050014.3
Evaluate feasibility of design ideas, based on factors such as appearance, safety, function, serviceability, budget, production costs/methods, and market characteristics.

27-1021.00

0.040023.50.300085.7
Research production specifications, costs, production materials, and manufacturing methods and provide cost estimates and itemized production requirements.

27-1021.00

0.020011.80.00000.0
Advise corporations on issues involving corporate image projects or problems.

27-1021.00

0.01005.90.00000.0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Prepare sketches of ideas, detailed drawings, illustrations, artwork, or blueprints, using drafting instruments, paints and brushes, or computer-aided design equipment.核心
Direct and coordinate the fabrication of models or samples and the drafting of working drawings and specification sheets from sketches.核心
Modify and refine designs, using working models, to conform with customer specifications, production limitations, or changes in design trends.核心
Confer with engineering, marketing, production, or sales departments, or with customers, to establish and evaluate design concepts for manufactured products.核心
Present designs and reports to customers or design committees for approval and discuss need for modification.核心
Evaluate feasibility of design ideas, based on factors such as appearance, safety, function, serviceability, budget, production costs/methods, and market characteristics.核心
Read publications, attend showings, and study competing products and design styles and motifs to obtain perspective and generate design concepts.核心
Research production specifications, costs, production materials, and manufacturing methods and provide cost estimates and itemized production requirements.核心
Develop manufacturing procedures and monitor the manufacture of their designs in a factory to improve operations and product quality.核心
Fabricate models or samples in paper, wood, glass, fabric, plastic, metal, or other materials, using hand or power tools.核心
Investigate product characteristics such as the product's safety and handling qualities, its market appeal, how efficiently it can be produced, and ways of distributing, using, and maintaining it.核心
Participate in new product planning or market research, including studying the potential need for new products.核心
Coordinate the look and function of product lines.补充
Design graphic material for use as ornamentation, illustration, or advertising on manufactured materials and packaging or containers.补充
Supervise assistants' work throughout the design process.补充
Develop industrial standards and regulatory guidelines.补充
Advise corporations on issues involving corporate image projects or problems.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
35K
预计就业人数，2035
36K
变化 (2025–35)
+2.4%
年薪中位数，2025
$83,910
入职通常所需学历
Bachelor's degree
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
29511자동차 디자이너本职业范围更宽已确认
29512가구 디자이너本职业范围更宽已确认
29519그 외 제품 디자이너本职业范围更宽已确认
13402디자인 관련 관리자相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 2163Product and Garment Designers

    产品和服装设计师

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Product and garment designers design and develop products for manufacture and prepare designs and specifications of products for mass, batch and one-off production.

任务

  • (a) determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by consulting with clients and stakeholders;
  • (b) formulating design concepts for clothing, textiles, industrial, commercial and consumer products, and jewellery;
  • (c) harmonizing aesthetic considerations with technical, functional, ecological and production requirements;
  • (d) preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations, plans, samples and models to communicate design concepts;
  • (e) negotiating design solutions with clients, management, and sales and manufacturing staff;
  • (f) selecting, specifying and recommending functional and aesthetic materials, production methods and finishes for manufacture;
  • (g) detailing and documenting the selected design for production;
  • (h) preparing and commissioning prototypes and samples;
  • (i) supervising the preparation of patterns, programmes and tooling, and of the manufacturing process.

职业示例

Costume designer · Fashion designer · Industrial designer · Jewellery designer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • industrial designerESCO 2163.1范围相同

    Industrial designers work out ideas and develop them into designs and concepts for a wide variety of manufactured products. They integrate creativity, aesthetics, production feasibility, and market relevance in the design of new products.

  • design engineerESCO 2149.2.4本职业范围更宽

    Design engineers develop new conceptual and detailed designs. They create the look for these concepts or products and the systems used to make them. Design engineers work with engineers and marketers to enhance the functioning and efficiency of existing devices.

  • furniture designerESCO 2163.1.4本职业范围更宽

    Furniture designers work on items of furniture and related products. They design the product and are involved in its production as craftsmen and designers or makers. The conception of furniture combines innovative design, functional requirements and aesthetic appeal.

  • leather goods product developerESCO 3119.10本职业范围更宽

    Leather goods product developers perform and interface between design and actual production. They analyse and study designer’s specifications and transform them into technical requirements, updating concepts to manufacturing lines, selecting or even designing components and selecting materials. Leather goods product developers also perform the pattern engineering meaning to make patterns manually, produce technical drawings for various range of tools, specially cutting. They evaluate prototypes, performing required tests for samples and confirming the customer’s quality requirements and pricing constrains.

  • textile product developerESCO 2163.3本职业范围更宽

    Textile product developers innovate and perform product design of apparel textiles, home textiles, and technical textiles (e.g. agriculture, safety, construction, medicine, mobile tech, environmental protection, sports, etc.). They apply scientific and technical principles to develop innovative textile products.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H1204Designer范围相同暂定
B1612Concepteur / Conceptrice numérique en bijouterie joaillerie本职业范围更宽
H1233Technicien / Technicienne en design本职业范围更宽
H1229Roughman / Roughwoman en design本职业范围更宽暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
2482Diseñadores de productos y de prendas本职业范围更窄暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
93104Berufe im Produkt- und Industriedesign - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten范围相同
93103Berufe im Produkt- und Industriedesign - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten本职业范围更宽
93102Berufe im Produkt- und Industriedesign - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
93333Berufe in der Drechslerei und Spielzeugherstellung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
93413Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Keramikgestaltung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
93433Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Glasbläserei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
28114Berufe in der Textilgestaltung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定
93524Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Schmuckwarenherstellung, Edelstein- und Edelmetallbearbeitung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定
93604Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
224デザイナー本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源