Writers and Authors

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 27-3043.00

Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.246
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.55· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值

ISCO-08 2431Advertising and Marketing Professionals0.55
ISCO-08 2641Authors and Related Writers0.55

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 4 项工作

已评分任务 20 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 20 项（100.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 27-3043.04 Copy Writers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Edit or rewrite existing copy as necessary, and submit copy for approval by supervisor. 27-3043.04	0.759566.3	0.046712.2
Write advertising copy for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services. 27-3043.04	0.305826.7	0.289175.7
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material. 27-3043.04	0.06235.4	0.02707.1
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material. 27-3043.04	0.01171.0	0.00421.1
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information. 27-3043.04	0.00400.4	0.00561.5
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products. 27-3043.04	0.00170.1	0.00501.3
Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the advertiser's sales message is more readily received.	—0	0.00230.6
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.	—0	0.00190.5

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy. O*NET Task ID 22653	1.0
Present drafts and ideas to clients. O*NET Task ID 22654	1.0
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium. O*NET Task ID 22655	1.0
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material. O*NET Task ID 22657	1.0
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material. O*NET Task ID 22659	1.0
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects. O*NET Task ID 22661	1.0
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher. O*NET Task ID 22664	1.0
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work. O*NET Task ID 22665	1.0
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly. O*NET Task ID 22666	1.0
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers. O*NET Task ID 22667	1.0
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers. O*NET Task ID 22668	1.0
Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts. O*NET Task ID 22669	1.0
Write advertising material for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services. O*NET Task ID 22670	1.0
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays. O*NET Task ID 22671	1.0
Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the script, story, or advertisement message is more readily received. O*NET Task ID 22672	1.0
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information. O*NET Task ID 22656	0.5
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted. O*NET Task ID 22658	0.5
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products. O*NET Task ID 22660	0.5
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews. O*NET Task ID 22662	0.5
Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material. O*NET Task ID 22663	0.5
再显示 10 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.	核心
Present drafts and ideas to clients.	核心
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.	核心
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.	核心
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.	核心
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.	核心
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.	核心
Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material.	核心
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.	核心
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.	核心
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.	核心
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.	核心
Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts.	核心
Write advertising material for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services.	核心
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.	核心
Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the script, story, or advertisement message is more readily received.	核心
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.	补充
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.	补充
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.	补充
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.	补充

就业展望（BLS）

这些数值属于整个 SOC 27-3043 组（Writers and authors），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。

就业人数，2025: 140K
预计就业人数，2035: 140K
变化 (2025–35): -0.3%
年薪中位数，2025: $76,910
入职通常所需学历: Bachelor's degree

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
28331	광고 전문가	本职业范围更窄	已确认
29111	방송 및 시나리오 작가	本职业范围更宽	已确认
29112	문학 작가	本职业范围更宽	已确认
29119	그 외 작가	本职业范围更宽	已确认
29132	평론가	相关，但不对应	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 2431Advertising and Marketing Professionals
广告和市场营销专业人员
ISCO-08 2641Authors and Related Writers
作家及有关写作人员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

advertising copywriterESCO 2431.1本职业范围更宽
Advertising copywriters are responsible for the written or verbal design of advertisements and commercials. They write slogans, catchphrases, etc. Advertising copywriters work closely together with advertising artists.
bloggerESCO 2642.1.1本职业范围更宽
Bloggers write online articles on a wide range of subjects such as politics, fashion, economics and sports. They can relate objective facts, but often they also give their opinion on the related topic. Bloggers also interact with their readers via comments.
speechwriterESCO 2641.4.3本职业范围更宽
Speechwriters research and write speeches on multiple topics. They need to catch and hold the interest of an audience. Speechwriters create presentations in a conversational tone so it looks like if the text was not scripted. They write in a comprehensible manner so the audience gets the message of the speech.
writerESCO 2641.4本职业范围更宽
Writers develop content for books. They write novels, poetry, short stories, comics and other forms of literature. These forms of writing can be fictional or non-fictional.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
E1102	Auteur / Auteure	本职业范围更宽暂定
E1119	Concepteur rédacteur / Conceptrice rédactrice	本职业范围更宽暂定
E1134	Scénariste	本职业范围更宽暂定
E1406	Influenceur / Influenceuse web	相关，但不对应
K1228	Ecrivain public / Ecrivaine publique	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
2921	Escritores	本职业范围更窄
2651	Profesionales de la publicidad y la comercialización	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
92434	Autoren/Autorinnen und Schriftsteller/innen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
92113	Berufe in Werbung und Marketing - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应
92413	Redakteure/Redakteurinnen und Journalisten/Journalistinnen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
211	著述家	本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

与本职业相关的近期变化

摘要和关联标注由 AI Changing Work 撰写和判断；数字请以所链接的来源为准。

相关2025年7月: Brookings (Hui & Reshef, Jul 2025): freelancers in text-heavy services exposed to ChatGPT saw about 2% fewer new monthly contracts and a roughly 5% drop in monthly earnings, with experienced, higher-priced freelancers hit hardest.
[来源: Brookings Institution (Hui & Reshef, 2025)]

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源