- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 29-1051.00
Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.090
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.33
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 11 项工作已评分任务 21 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 15 项（71.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Provide information and advice regarding drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and proper medication storage.29-1051.00 | 0.121963.9 | 0.010146.1 |
Assess the identity, strength, or purity of medications.29-1051.00 | 0.027214.2 | —0 |
Publish educational information for other pharmacists, doctors, or patients.29-1051.00 | 0.019110.0 | 0.00167.3 |
Compound and dispense medications as prescribed by doctors and dentists, by calculating, weighing, measuring, and mixing ingredients, or oversee these activities.29-1051.00 | 0.00975.1 | 0.006128.2 |
Provide specialized services to help patients manage conditions such as diabetes, asthma, smoking cessation, or high blood pressure.29-1051.00 | 0.00562.9 | —0 |
Plan, implement, or maintain procedures for mixing, packaging, or labeling pharmaceuticals, according to policy and legal requirements, to ensure quality, security, and proper disposal.29-1051.00 | 0.00452.3 | —0 |
Advise customers on the selection of medication brands, medical equipment, or healthcare supplies.29-1051.00 | 0.00291.5 | —0 |
Analyze prescribing trends to monitor patient compliance and to prevent excessive usage or harmful interactions. | —0 | 0.002210.2 |
Maintain records, such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, charge system files, inventories, control records for radioactive nuclei, or registries of poisons, narcotics, or controlled drugs. | —0 | 0.00188.3 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Teach pharmacy students serving as interns in preparation for their graduation or licensure.O*NET Task ID 1825 | 1.0 |
Publish educational information for other pharmacists, doctors, or patients.O*NET Task ID 1826 | 1.0 |
Update or troubleshoot pharmacy information databases.O*NET Task ID 20406 | 1.0 |
Review prescriptions to assure accuracy, to ascertain the needed ingredients, and to evaluate their suitability.O*NET Task ID 1808 | 0.5 |
Provide information and advice regarding drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and proper medication storage.O*NET Task ID 1809 | 0.5 |
Analyze prescribing trends to monitor patient compliance and to prevent excessive usage or harmful interactions.O*NET Task ID 1810 | 0.5 |
Order and purchase pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs, maintaining stock and storing and handling it properly.O*NET Task ID 1811 | 0.5 |
Maintain records, such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, charge system files, inventories, control records for radioactive nuclei, or registries of poisons, narcotics, or controlled drugs.O*NET Task ID 1812 | 0.5 |
Provide specialized services to help patients manage conditions, such as diabetes, asthma, smoking cessation, or high blood pressure.O*NET Task ID 1813 | 0.5 |
Advise customers on the selection of medication brands, medical equipment, or healthcare supplies.O*NET Task ID 1814 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with other health care professionals to plan, monitor, review, or evaluate the quality or effectiveness of drugs or drug regimens, providing advice on drug applications or characteristics.O*NET Task ID 1815 | 0.5 |
Refer patients to other health professionals or agencies when appropriate.O*NET Task ID 1818 | 0.5 |
Manage pharmacy operations, hiring or supervising staff, performing administrative duties, or buying or selling non-pharmaceutical merchandise.O*NET Task ID 1822 | 0.5 |
Work in hospitals or clinics or for Health Management Organizations (HMOs), dispensing prescriptions, serving as a medical team consultant, or specializing in specific drug therapy areas, such as oncology or nuclear pharmacotherapy.O*NET Task ID 1823 | 0.5 |
Contact insurance companies to resolve billing issues.O*NET Task ID 20405 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（21 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Review prescriptions to assure accuracy, to ascertain the needed ingredients, and to evaluate their suitability. | 核心 |
| Provide information and advice regarding drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and proper medication storage. | 核心 |
| Analyze prescribing trends to monitor patient compliance and to prevent excessive usage or harmful interactions. | 核心 |
| Order and purchase pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs, maintaining stock and storing and handling it properly. | 核心 |
| Maintain records, such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, charge system files, inventories, control records for radioactive nuclei, or registries of poisons, narcotics, or controlled drugs. | 核心 |
| Provide specialized services to help patients manage conditions, such as diabetes, asthma, smoking cessation, or high blood pressure. | 核心 |
| Advise customers on the selection of medication brands, medical equipment, or healthcare supplies. | 核心 |
| Collaborate with other health care professionals to plan, monitor, review, or evaluate the quality or effectiveness of drugs or drug regimens, providing advice on drug applications or characteristics. | 核心 |
| Compound and dispense medications as prescribed by doctors and dentists, by calculating, weighing, measuring, and mixing ingredients, or oversee these activities. | 核心 |
| Refer patients to other health professionals or agencies when appropriate. | 核心 |
| Prepare sterile solutions or infusions for use in surgical procedures, emergency rooms, or patients' homes. | 核心 |
| Plan, implement, or maintain procedures for mixing, packaging, or labeling pharmaceuticals, according to policy and legal requirements, to ensure quality, security, and proper disposal. | 核心 |
| Assay radiopharmaceuticals, verify rates of disintegration, and calculate the volume required to produce the desired results, to ensure proper dosages. | 核心 |
| Manage pharmacy operations, hiring or supervising staff, performing administrative duties, or buying or selling non-pharmaceutical merchandise. | 核心 |
| Work in hospitals or clinics or for Health Management Organizations (HMOs), dispensing prescriptions, serving as a medical team consultant, or specializing in specific drug therapy areas, such as oncology or nuclear pharmacotherapy. | 核心 |
| Assess the identity, strength, or purity of medications. | 核心 |
| Teach pharmacy students serving as interns in preparation for their graduation or licensure. | 核心 |
| Publish educational information for other pharmacists, doctors, or patients. | 核心 |
| Offer health promotion or prevention activities, such as training people to use blood pressure devices or diabetes monitors. | 核心 |
| Update or troubleshoot pharmacy information databases. | 核心 |
| Contact insurance companies to resolve billing issues. | 补充 |
0.31/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Order and purchase pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs, maintaining stock and storing and handling it properly. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Compound and dispense medications as prescribed by doctors and dentists, by calculating, weighing, measuring, and mixing ingredients, or oversee these activities. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Assess the identity, strength, or purity of medications. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Prepare sterile solutions or infusions for use in surgical procedures, emergency rooms, or patients' homes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 325K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 342K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.2%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $140,910
- 入职通常所需学历
- Doctoral or professional degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24311 | 전문 약사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 24312 | 일반 약사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2262Pharmacists
药剂师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Pharmacists store, preserve, compound, and dispense medicinal products and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and other health professionals. They contribute to researching, testing, preparing, prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies for optimizing human health.
任务
- (a) receiving prescriptions for medicinal products from medical doctors and other health professionals, checking patients' medicine histories, and ensuring proper dosage and methods of administration and drug compatibility before dispensing;
- (b) preparing or supervising the preparation and labelling of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications to fill prescriptions;
- (c) providing information and advice to prescribers and clients regarding drug interactions, incompatibility and contraindications, side effects, dosage and proper medication storage;
- (d) collaborating with other health care professionals to plan, monitor, review, and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the medicine therapy of individual patients, and the effectiveness of particular drugs or therapies;
- (e) maintaining prescription files and recording issue of narcotics, poisons and habit-forming drugs in accordance with legal and professional requirements;
- (f) storing and preserving vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to deterioration;
- (g) advising clients on and supplying non-prescription medicines and diagnostic and therapeutic aids for common conditions;
- (h) supervising and coordinating the work of pharmacy technicians, pharmacy interns and pharmacy sales assistants;
- (i) conducting research to develop and improve pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and related chemical products;
- (j) conferring with chemists, engineering professionals and other professionals about manufacturing techniques and ingredients;
- (k) testing and analysing drugs to determine their identity, purity and strength in relation to specified standards;
- (l) evaluating labels, packaging and advertising of drug products;
- (m) developing information and risks of particular drugs.
职业示例
Dispensing chemist · Hospital pharmacist · Industrial pharmacist · Retail pharmacist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- pharmacistESCO 2262.1本职业范围更宽
Pharmacists prepare, dispense, and provide prescriptions for, over the counter medication. They offer clinical information on medicines, report suspected adverse reactions, and provide personalised support to patients. Pharmacists formulate and test medications in laboratories, and store, preserve, and distribute them.
- specialist pharmacistESCO 2262.1.2本职业范围更宽
Specialist pharmacists provide specialist services for companies in the pharmacy industry and in hospital pharmacies. The role of the specialist pharmacist varies throughout Europe, subject to national rules and training.
- hospital pharmacistESCO 2262.1.2.1有重叠，但不相同
Hospital pharmacists prepare, dispense and provide medication to patients in hospitals. They collaborate with healthcare personnel such as doctors and nurses to treat patients and also offer advice and information on medications.
- industrial pharmacistESCO 2262.1.2.2有重叠，但不相同
Industrial pharmacists are involved in the research and creation of medications. They develop new medicines, perform tests, assure quality and ensure that medication complies with regulations.
- pharmaceutical quality specialistESCO 2262.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Pharmaceutical quality specialists perform inspections and precision measurements in order to test and ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products. They are involved in the whole development phase of a pharmaceutical product until it is ready for the market. This includes the process of acquiring clinical trial licences, advising the pharmaceutical development staff on regulatory requirements and evaluating the content of the package leaflet and other documentation on the product. Moreover, pharmaceutical quality specialists collect and evaluate information on side effects of the product and communicate this knowledge both internally and to the relevant authorities.
- pharmacy assistantESCO 3213.1有重叠，但不相同
Pharmacy assistants perform general duties, such as stock management, serving at the cash desk, or performing administrative duties. They deal with the inventory within the pharmacy under the supervision of a pharmacist.
- pharmacy technicianESCO 3213.2有重叠，但不相同
Pharmacy technicians, under the supervision of a pharmacist, check incoming goods, control stock, handle and store pharmaceuticals properly. Where permitted by national rules, they dispense medication and provide advice on their appropriate use.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| J1202 | Pharmacien / Pharmacienne | 范围相同暂定 |
| H1513 | Responsable de pharmacovigilance en industrie pharmaceutique | 相关，但不对应 |
| J1307 | Préparateur / Préparatrice en pharmacie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2140 | Farmacéuticos | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 81804 | Apotheker/innen, Pharmazeuten/Pharmazeutinnen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 124 | 薬剤師 | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源