Midwives

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 29-9099.01

Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.19–0.30· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值

ISCO-08 3222Midwifery Associate Professionals0.20
ISCO-08 3230Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals0.19
ISCO-08 3259Health Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.30

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 36 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 22 项（61.1%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 30.2)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Recommend the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance the health of patients and children. 29-9099.01	0.030075.0	0.00000.0
Provide, or refer patients to other providers for, education or counseling on topics such as genetic testing, newborn care, contraception, or breastfeeding. 29-9099.01	0.010025.0	—0
Incorporate research findings into practice as appropriate. 29-9099.01	0.00000.0	0.00000.0
Estimate patients' due dates and re-evaluate as necessary based on examination results. 29-9099.01	0.00000.0	—0
Counsel women regarding the nutritional requirements of pregnancy. 29-9099.01	0.00000.0	—0
Not observed on any surface — 31 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth.	—0	—0
Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations.	—0	—0
Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music.	—0	—0
Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications.	—0	—0
Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies.	—0	—0
Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions.	—0	—0
Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests.	—0	—0
Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health.	—0	—0
Develop, implement, or evaluate individualized plans for midwifery care.	—0	—0
Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns.	—0	—0
Evaluate patients' laboratory and medical records, requesting assistance from other practitioners when necessary.	—0	—0
Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version.	—0	—0
Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth.	—0	—0
Identify tubal and ectopic pregnancies and refer patients for treatments.	—0	—0
Inform patients of how to prepare and supply birth sites.	—0	—0
Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation.	—0	—0
Maintain documentation of all patients' contacts, reviewing and updating records as necessary.	—0	—0
Obtain complete health and medical histories from patients including medical, surgical, reproductive, or mental health histories.	—0	—0
Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals.	—0	—0
Provide information about the physical and emotional processes involved in the pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum periods.	—0	—0
Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation.	—0	—0
Refer patients to specialists for procedures such as ultrasounds or biophysical profiles.	—0	—0
Suture perineal lacerations.	—0	—0
Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels.	—0	—0
Compile and evaluate clinical practice statistics.	—0	—0
Provide information about community health and social resources.	—0	—0
Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy.	—0	—0
Provide patients with contraceptive and family planning information.	—0	—0
Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams.	—0	—0
Complete birth certificates.	—0	—0
Collaborate in research studies.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Inform patients of how to prepare and supply birth sites. O*NET Task ID 17480	1.0
Maintain documentation of all patients' contacts, reviewing and updating records as necessary. O*NET Task ID 17482	1.0
Complete birth certificates. O*NET Task ID 17492	1.0
Counsel women regarding the nutritional requirements of pregnancy. O*NET Task ID 17493	1.0
Recommend the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance the health of patients and children. O*NET Task ID 17498	1.0
Provide patients with contraceptive and family planning information. O*NET Task ID 23926	1.0
Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions. O*NET Task ID 17470	0.5
Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health. O*NET Task ID 17472	0.5
Estimate patients' due dates and re-evaluate as necessary based on examination results. O*NET Task ID 17475	0.5
Evaluate patients' laboratory and medical records, requesting assistance from other practitioners when necessary. O*NET Task ID 17476	0.5
Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth. O*NET Task ID 17478	0.5
Identify tubal and ectopic pregnancies and refer patients for treatments. O*NET Task ID 17479	0.5
Obtain complete health and medical histories from patients including medical, surgical, reproductive, or mental health histories. O*NET Task ID 17483	0.5
Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals. O*NET Task ID 17484	0.5
Provide information about the physical and emotional processes involved in the pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum periods. O*NET Task ID 17485	0.5
Provide, or refer patients to other providers for, education or counseling on topics such as genetic testing, newborn care, contraception, or breastfeeding. O*NET Task ID 17487	0.5
Refer patients to specialists for procedures such as ultrasounds or biophysical profiles. O*NET Task ID 17488	0.5
Compile and evaluate clinical practice statistics. O*NET Task ID 17491	0.5
Collaborate in research studies. O*NET Task ID 17494	0.5
Incorporate research findings into practice as appropriate. O*NET Task ID 17495	0.5
Provide information about community health and social resources. O*NET Task ID 17496	0.5
Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy. O*NET Task ID 17499	0.5
再显示 12 项工作 ▾收起 ▴
Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth. O*NET Task ID 17465	0.0
Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations. O*NET Task ID 17466	0.0
Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music. O*NET Task ID 17467	0.0
Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications. O*NET Task ID 17468	0.0
Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies. O*NET Task ID 17469	0.0
Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests. O*NET Task ID 17471	0.0
Develop, implement, or evaluate individualized plans for midwifery care. O*NET Task ID 17473	0.0
Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns. O*NET Task ID 17474	0.0
Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version. O*NET Task ID 17477	0.0
Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation. O*NET Task ID 17481	0.0
Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation. O*NET Task ID 17486	0.0
Suture perineal lacerations. O*NET Task ID 17489	0.0
Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels. O*NET Task ID 17490	0.0
Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams. O*NET Task ID 23927	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（36 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth.	核心
Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations.	核心
Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music.	核心
Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications.	核心
Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies.	核心
Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions.	核心
Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests.	核心
Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health.	核心
Develop, implement, or evaluate individualized plans for midwifery care.	核心
Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns.	核心
Estimate patients' due dates and re-evaluate as necessary based on examination results.	核心
Evaluate patients' laboratory and medical records, requesting assistance from other practitioners when necessary.	核心
Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version.	核心
Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth.	核心
Identify tubal and ectopic pregnancies and refer patients for treatments.	核心
Inform patients of how to prepare and supply birth sites.	核心
Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation.	核心
Maintain documentation of all patients' contacts, reviewing and updating records as necessary.	核心
Obtain complete health and medical histories from patients including medical, surgical, reproductive, or mental health histories.	核心
Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals.	核心
Provide information about the physical and emotional processes involved in the pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum periods.	核心
Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation.	核心
Provide, or refer patients to other providers for, education or counseling on topics such as genetic testing, newborn care, contraception, or breastfeeding.	核心
Refer patients to specialists for procedures such as ultrasounds or biophysical profiles.	核心
Suture perineal lacerations.	核心
Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels.	核心
Compile and evaluate clinical practice statistics.	核心
Counsel women regarding the nutritional requirements of pregnancy.	核心
Incorporate research findings into practice as appropriate.	核心
Provide information about community health and social resources.	核心
Recommend the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance the health of patients and children.	核心
Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy.	核心
Provide patients with contraceptive and family planning information.	核心
Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams.	核心
Complete birth certificates.	补充
Collaborate in research studies.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.05/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth.	E0 机器人不可
Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations.	E0 机器人不可
Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music.	E0 机器人不可
Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications.	E0 机器人不可
Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies.	E1 机器人专用设施
Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions.	E0 机器人不可
Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests.	E1 机器人专用设施
Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health.	E0 机器人不可
Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns.	E0 机器人不可
Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version.	E0 机器人不可
Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth.	E0 机器人不可
Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation.	E0 机器人不可
Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals.	E0 机器人不可
Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation.	E0 机器人不可
Suture perineal lacerations.	E0 机器人不可
Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels.	E2 受管理的设施
Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy.	E0 机器人不可
Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams.	E0 机器人不可

就业展望（BLS）

这些数值属于整个 SOC 29-9099 组（Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。

就业人数，2025: 39K
预计就业人数，2035: 41K
变化 (2025–35): +5.1%
年薪中位数，2025: $65,790
入职通常所需学历: Postsecondary nondegree award

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
24404	조산사	范围相同	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 3222Midwifery Associate Professionals
助理助产专业人员
ISCO-08 3230Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
传统医学和补充医学助理专业人员
ISCO-08 3259Health Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的卫生助理专业人员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

midwifeESCO 2222.1范围相同
Midwives assist women in childbirth by providing the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, conduct births and provide care for the new-born. They advise on health, preventive measures, preparation for parenthood, detection of complications in mother and child, accessing of medical care, promoting normal birth and carrying out emergency measures.
maternity support workerESCO 3222.1有重叠，但不相同
Maternity support workers work together in a team with midwives and health professionals within the occupational fields of nursing and midwifery. They assist midwives and women in childbirth by providing the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, assist births and assist in providing care for the new-born.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
J1104	Homme sage-femme / Sage-femme	本职业范围更窄暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
2123	Matronos	本职业范围更窄暂定
5710	Trabajadores de los cuidados personales a domicilio	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
81353	Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	范围相同暂定
81352	Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
132	助産師	范围相同

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源