Food Preparation Workers

Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
35-2021.00

Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.13

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

已评分任务 31 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（6.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 30.2)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Keep records of the quantities of food used.

35-2021.00

0.00000.00.00000.0
Weigh or measure ingredients.

35-2021.00

0.00000.0—0
Not observed on any surface — 29 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage.
—0—0
Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons.
—0—0
Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets.
—0—0
Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items.
—0—0
Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas.
—0—0
Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals.
—0—0
Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers.
—0—0
Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks.
—0—0
Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas.
—0—0
Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches.
—0—0
Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers.
—0—0
Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods.
—0—0
Stir and strain soups and sauces.
—0—0
Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines.
—0—0
Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments.
—0—0
Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads.
—0—0
Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware.
—0—0
Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures.
—0—0
Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers.
—0—0
Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving.
—0—0
Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items.
—0—0
Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor.
—0—0
Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets.
—0—0
Package take-out foods or serve food to customers.
—0—0
Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers.
—0—0
Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving.
—0—0
Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking.
—0—0
Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients.
—0—0
Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change.
—0—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（31 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage.核心
Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons.核心
Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets.核心
Weigh or measure ingredients.核心
Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items.核心
Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas.核心
Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals.核心
Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers.核心
Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks.核心
Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas.核心
Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches.核心
Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers.核心
Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods.核心
Stir and strain soups and sauces.核心
Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines.核心
Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments.核心
Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads.核心
Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware.核心
Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures.核心
Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers.核心
Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving.核心
Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items.核心
Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor.核心
Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets.核心
Package take-out foods or serve food to customers.补充
Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers.补充
Keep records of the quantities of food used.补充
Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving.补充
Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking.补充
Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients.补充
Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
909K
预计就业人数，2035
881K
变化 (2025–35)
-3%
年薪中位数，2025
$35,320
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
95220주방 보조원范围相同已确认
71060도시락 제조원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 9412Kitchen Helpers

    厨房帮工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Kitchen helpers clear tables, clean kitchen areas, wash dishes, prepare ingredients and perform other duties to assist workers who prepare or serve food and beverages.

任务

  • (a) cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas;
  • (b) assisting cooks and chefs in preparation of food by washing, peeling, chopping, cutting, measuring and mixing ingredients;
  • (c) assembling dishes for service;
  • (d) unpacking checking, transferring, weighing and storing supplies in refrigerators, cupboards and other storage areas;
  • (e) washing dishes and cooking utensils and putting them away;
  • (f) preparing, cooking, toasting and heating simple food items.

职业示例

Hand dishwasher · Kitchen assistant · Kitchen hand · Kitchen porter · Kitchen steward · Pantry attendant

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • kitchen assistantESCO 9412.1范围相同

    Kitchen assistants assist in the preparation of food and cleaning of the kitchen area.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
G1608Ecailler / Ecaillère本职业范围更宽
G1602Commis / Commise de cuisine有重叠，但不相同
G1607Employé / Employée de restauration collective有重叠，但不相同
D1103Charcutier-traiteur / Charcutière-traiteuse相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
9310Ayudantes de cocina本职业范围更窄

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
29301Köche/Köchinnen (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
63301Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
391調理人本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源