Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 35-9031.00
Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure quality of facilities and service.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.073
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.21
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 19 项工作已评分任务 22 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 10 项（45.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Plan parties or other special events and services.35-9031.00 | 0.112195.5 | 0.055274.6 |
Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls.35-9031.00 | 0.00534.5 | 0.015320.8 |
Maintain contact with kitchen staff, management, serving staff, and customers to ensure that dining details are handled properly and customers' concerns are addressed. | —0 | 0.00344.6 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls.O*NET Task ID 18751 | 1.0 |
Receive and record patrons' dining reservations.O*NET Task ID 2301 | 0.5 |
Inform patrons of establishment specialties and features.O*NET Task ID 2303 | 0.5 |
Prepare cash receipts after establishments close, and make bank deposits.O*NET Task ID 2306 | 0.5 |
Prepare staff work schedules.O*NET Task ID 2308 | 0.5 |
Hire, train, and supervise food and beverage service staff.O*NET Task ID 2310 | 0.5 |
Plan parties or other special events and services.O*NET Task ID 2311 | 0.5 |
Confer with other staff to help plan establishments' menus.O*NET Task ID 2312 | 0.5 |
Perform marketing and advertising services.O*NET Task ID 2313 | 0.5 |
Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs and according to rotation so that servers receive an appropriate number of seatings.O*NET Task ID 18749 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Provide guests with menus. | 核心 |
| Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas. | 核心 |
| Receive and record patrons' dining reservations. | 核心 |
| Maintain contact with kitchen staff, management, serving staff, and customers to ensure that dining details are handled properly and customers' concerns are addressed. | 核心 |
| Inform patrons of establishment specialties and features. | 核心 |
| Supervise and coordinate activities of dining room staff to ensure that patrons receive prompt and courteous service. | 核心 |
| Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs and according to rotation so that servers receive an appropriate number of seatings. | 核心 |
| Speak with patrons to ensure satisfaction with food and service, to respond to complaints, or to make conversation. | 核心 |
| Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls. | 核心 |
| Inspect dining and serving areas to ensure cleanliness and proper setup. | 核心 |
| Inspect restrooms for cleanliness and availability of supplies, and clean restrooms when necessary. | 核心 |
| Take and prepare to-go orders. | 核心 |
| Assist other restaurant workers by serving food and beverages, or by bussing tables. | 核心 |
| Direct patrons to coatrooms and waiting areas, such as lounges. | 补充 |
| Operate cash registers to accept payments for food and beverages. | 补充 |
| Prepare cash receipts after establishments close, and make bank deposits. | 补充 |
| Order or requisition supplies and equipment for tables and serving stations. | 补充 |
| Hire, train, and supervise food and beverage service staff. | 补充 |
| Confer with other staff to help plan establishments' menus. | 补充 |
| Perform marketing and advertising services. | 补充 |
0.94/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Provide guests with menus. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Operate cash registers to accept payments for food and beverages. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Inspect dining and serving areas to ensure cleanliness and proper setup. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Inspect restrooms for cleanliness and availability of supplies, and clean restrooms when necessary. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Take and prepare to-go orders. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Assist other restaurant workers by serving food and beverages, or by bussing tables. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare cash receipts after establishments close, and make bank deposits. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 444K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 460K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +3.4%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $31,200
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36121 | 예약 및 접수 사무원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
| 45313 | 주류 서비스 종사원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 5169Personal Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的个人服务人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
This unit group covers personal service workers not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 51: Personal Service Workers. For instance, those who provide services and companionship as dancing partners, social escorts and night-club hostesses or hosts are classified here.
任务
- In such cases tasks would include -
- (a) accompanying clients to restaurants and other outings;
- (b) acting as a dancing partner;
- (c) welcoming clients to a night-club and ensuring that they are entertained well.
职业示例
Club host · Club hostess · Dancing partner · Social escort
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- club host/club hostessESCO 5169.1本职业范围更宽
Club host/hostess welcome customers to the club. They ensure that clients are well looked after and satisfied.
- restaurant host/restaurant hostessESCO 5131.1本职业范围更宽
Restaurant hosts/hostesses welcome customers to a hospitality service unit and provide initial services.
- usherESCO 9629.7本职业范围更宽
Ushers assist visitors by showing their way in a big building such as a theatre, stadium or concert hall. They check visitors' tickets for authorized access, give directions to their seats and answer questions. Ushers may take on security monitoring tasks and alert security personnel when required.
- doorman/doorwomanESCO 9621.1有重叠，但不相同
Doormen/doorwomen welcome guests to a hospitality establishment and provide additional services related to assistance with luggage, guests' safety whilst ensuring security.
- hospitality establishment receptionistESCO 4224.1有重叠，但不相同
Hospitality establishment receptionists provide first point of contact and assistance to the guests of a hospitality establishment. They are also responsible for taking bookings, processing payments and giving information.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| G1803 | Serveur / Serveuse en restauration | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| G1802 | Maître / Maîtresse d'hôtel | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 5899 | Trabajadores de servicios personales no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 相关，但不对应 |
| 5120 | Camareros asalariados | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 63302 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 63401 | Berufe im Veranstaltungsservice und -management - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 403 | 飲食物給仕従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 405 | 接客社交従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源