Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 37-2011.00
Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.11–0.27· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 5153Building Caretakers0.27
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments0.12
- ISCO-08 9123Window Cleaners0.11
Task-level exposure
已评分任务 23 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Service, clean, or supply restrooms.O*NET Task ID 9538 | 0.0 |
Gather and empty trash.O*NET Task ID 9539 | 0.0 |
Clean building floors by sweeping, mopping, scrubbing, or vacuuming.O*NET Task ID 9540 | 0.0 |
Follow procedures for the use of chemical cleaners and power equipment to prevent damage to floors and fixtures.O*NET Task ID 9541 | 0.0 |
Mix water and detergents or acids in containers to prepare cleaning solutions, according to specifications.O*NET Task ID 9542 | 0.0 |
Strip, seal, finish, and polish floors.O*NET Task ID 9543 | 0.0 |
Notify managers concerning the need for major repairs or additions to building operating systems.O*NET Task ID 9544 | 0.0 |
Requisition supplies or equipment needed for cleaning and maintenance duties.O*NET Task ID 9545 | 0.0 |
Clean windows, glass partitions, or mirrors, using soapy water or other cleaners, sponges, or squeegees.O*NET Task ID 9546 | 0.0 |
Steam-clean or shampoo carpets.O*NET Task ID 9547 | 0.0 |
Set up, arrange, or remove decorations, tables, chairs, ladders, or scaffolding to prepare facilities for events, such as banquets or meetings.O*NET Task ID 9548 | 0.0 |
Clean and polish furniture and fixtures.O*NET Task ID 9549 | 0.0 |
Dust furniture, walls, machines, or equipment.O*NET Task ID 9550 | 0.0 |
Move heavy furniture, equipment, or supplies, either manually or with hand trucks.O*NET Task ID 9551 | 0.0 |
Remove snow from sidewalks, driveways, or parking areas, using snowplows, snow blowers, or snow shovels, or spread snow-melting chemicals.O*NET Task ID 9552 | 0.0 |
Clean laboratory equipment, such as glassware or metal instruments, using solvents, brushes, rags, or power cleaning equipment.O*NET Task ID 9553 | 0.0 |
Spray insecticides or fumigants to prevent insect or rodent infestation.O*NET Task ID 9554 | 0.0 |
Make adjustments or minor repairs to heating, cooling, ventilating, plumbing, or electrical systems.O*NET Task ID 9555 | 0.0 |
Clean and restore building interiors damaged by fire, smoke, or water, using commercial cleaning equipment.O*NET Task ID 9558 | 0.0 |
Clean chimneys, flues, and connecting pipes, using power or hand tools.O*NET Task ID 9559 | 0.0 |
Monitor building security and safety by performing tasks such as locking doors after operating hours or checking electrical appliance use to ensure that hazards are not created.O*NET Task ID 20590 | 0.0 |
Mow or trim lawns or shrubbery, using mowers or hand or power trimmers, and clear debris from grounds.O*NET Task ID 20591 | 0.0 |
Drive vans, industrial trucks, or other vehicles required to travel to, or to perform, cleaning work.O*NET Task ID 20592 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（21 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Service, clean, or supply restrooms. | 核心 |
| Gather and empty trash. | 核心 |
| Clean building floors by sweeping, mopping, scrubbing, or vacuuming. | 核心 |
| Follow procedures for the use of chemical cleaners and power equipment to prevent damage to floors and fixtures. | 核心 |
| Mix water and detergents or acids in containers to prepare cleaning solutions, according to specifications. | 核心 |
| Notify managers concerning the need for major repairs or additions to building operating systems. | 核心 |
| Requisition supplies or equipment needed for cleaning and maintenance duties. | 核心 |
| Clean windows, glass partitions, or mirrors, using soapy water or other cleaners, sponges, or squeegees. | 核心 |
| Clean and polish furniture and fixtures. | 核心 |
| Dust furniture, walls, machines, or equipment. | 核心 |
| Move heavy furniture, equipment, or supplies, either manually or with hand trucks. | 核心 |
| Monitor building security and safety by performing tasks such as locking doors after operating hours or checking electrical appliance use to ensure that hazards are not created. | 核心 |
| Strip, seal, finish, and polish floors. | 补充 |
| Steam-clean or shampoo carpets. | 补充 |
| Set up, arrange, or remove decorations, tables, chairs, ladders, or scaffolding to prepare facilities for events, such as banquets or meetings. | 补充 |
| Remove snow from sidewalks, driveways, or parking areas, using snowplows, snow blowers, or snow shovels, or spread snow-melting chemicals. | 补充 |
| Spray insecticides or fumigants to prevent insect or rodent infestation. | 补充 |
| Make adjustments or minor repairs to heating, cooling, ventilating, plumbing, or electrical systems. | 补充 |
| Clean chimneys, flues, and connecting pipes, using power or hand tools. | 补充 |
| Mow or trim lawns or shrubbery, using mowers or hand or power trimmers, and clear debris from grounds. | 补充 |
| Drive vans, industrial trucks, or other vehicles required to travel to, or to perform, cleaning work. | 补充 |
1.08/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Service, clean, or supply restrooms. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Gather and empty trash. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean building floors by sweeping, mopping, scrubbing, or vacuuming. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Follow procedures for the use of chemical cleaners and power equipment to prevent damage to floors and fixtures. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Mix water and detergents or acids in containers to prepare cleaning solutions, according to specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean windows, glass partitions, or mirrors, using soapy water or other cleaners, sponges, or squeegees. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean and polish furniture and fixtures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dust furniture, walls, machines, or equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Move heavy furniture, equipment, or supplies, either manually or with hand trucks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor building security and safety by performing tasks such as locking doors after operating hours or checking electrical appliance use to ensure that hazards are not created. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Strip, seal, finish, and polish floors. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Steam-clean or shampoo carpets. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Set up, arrange, or remove decorations, tables, chairs, ladders, or scaffolding to prepare facilities for events, such as banquets or meetings. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove snow from sidewalks, driveways, or parking areas, using snowplows, snow blowers, or snow shovels, or spread snow-melting chemicals. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Spray insecticides or fumigants to prevent insect or rodent infestation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Make adjustments or minor repairs to heating, cooling, ventilating, plumbing, or electrical systems. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Clean chimneys, flues, and connecting pipes, using power or hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mow or trim lawns or shrubbery, using mowers or hand or power trimmers, and clear debris from grounds. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Drive vans, industrial trucks, or other vehicles required to travel to, or to perform, cleaning work. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 2.4M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 2.5M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +2.2%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $36,840
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 94110 | 건물 청소원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 94130 | 거리 및 공공장소 청소원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 79912 | 건물 외벽 세정원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 5153Building Caretakers
楼宇管理员
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
办公楼、酒店及其他场所的清洁工和帮工
- ISCO-08 9123Window Cleaners
擦窗工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- building cleanerESCO 9112.2范围相同
Building cleaners maintain the cleanliness and overall functionality of various types of buildings such as offices, hospitals and public institutions. They perform cleaning duties like sweeping, vacuuming and mopping floors, empty trash and check security systems, locks and windows. Building cleaners check air conditioning systems and notify the appropriate persons in case of malfunctions or problems.
- amusement park cleanerESCO 5153.1.1本职业范围更宽
Amusement park cleaners work to keep the amusement park clean and take on small repairs. Amusement park cleaners usually work at night, when the park is closed, but urgent maintenance and cleaning is done during the day.
- building caretakerESCO 5153.1本职业范围更宽
Building caretakers maintain and monitor the condition and security of buildings. They clean, assist with minor repairs and ensure that amenities such as heating and hot water are available to the residents. Building caretakers are responsible for the quality of buildings and also serve as a contact person for residents.
- building exterior cleanerESCO 7133.2本职业范围更宽
Building exterior cleaners remove dirt and litter from a building's exterior, as well as perform restoration tasks. They ensure the cleaning methods are compliant with safety regulations, and monitor the exteriors to ensure they are in proper condition.
- toilet attendantESCO 9112.5本职业范围更宽
Toilet attendants clean and maintain toilet facilities in accordance with company standards and policies. They use cleaning equipment to clean mirrors, floors, toilets and sinks. They perform the cleaning activities before, during and after operational service hours. Toilet attendants refill the facility with supplies as needed and maintain records of their daily operations.
- train cleanerESCO 9112.6本职业范围更宽
Train cleaners keep the interiors of trains tidy and clean. They clean out the bins in the different compartments, and perform other cleaning activities such as hoovering, mopping and deep cleaning.
- window cleanerESCO 9123.1本职业范围更宽
Window cleaners use cleaning tools such as sponges and detergents to clean windows, mirrors and other glass surfaces of buildings, both on the interior and exterior. They use specific ladders to clean taller buildings, using safety belts for support.
- domestic cleanerESCO 9111.1有重叠，但不相同
Domestic cleaners perform all necessary cleaning activities in order to clean their clients' houses. They vacuum and sweep floors, wash dishes, launder clothes, dust, scrub and polish surfaces and disinfect equipment and materials.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| K2205 | Agent / Agente de propreté de locaux | 范围相同暂定 |
| K2202 | Laveur / Laveuse de vitres | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K2204 | Agent / Agente de nettoyage industriel | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K2307 | Agent / Agente de propreté urbaine | 相关，但不对应 |
| K2501 | Gardien / Gardienne d'immeuble | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1203 | Agent / Agente d'entretien du bâtiment | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| I1207 | Agent / Agente de maintenance de mobilier urbain et publicitaire | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 9210 | Personal de limpieza de oficinas, hoteles y otros establecimientos similares | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 5833 | Conserjes de edificios | 相关，但不对应 |
| 9229 | Otro personal de limpieza | 相关，但不对应 |
| 9223 | Limpiadores de ventanas | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 9443 | Barrenderos y afines | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 54101 | Berufe in der Reinigung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 54112 | Berufe in der Gebäudereinigung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 34102 | Berufe in der Gebäudetechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 34112 | Platz- und Gerätewarte/-wartinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 54122 | Berufe in der Glas- und Fensterreinigung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 54182 | Berufe in der Reinigung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 711 | ビル・建物清掃員 | 范围相同暂定 |
| 713 | 道路・公園清掃員 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 739 | その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源