Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 37-3011.00

Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.12
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 26 项工作

已评分任务 27 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（7.4%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
已评分任务中有 8 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Advise customers on plant selection or care. 37-3011.00	0.0145100.0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Advise customers on plant selection or care. O*NET Task ID 9608	0.5
Mark design boundaries, and paint natural or artificial turf fields with team logos or names before events. O*NET Task ID 9613	0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（19 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers.	核心
Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes.	核心
Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws.	核心
Gather and remove litter.	核心
Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds.	核心
Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chainsaws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws.	核心
Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots, and spread salt in those areas.	补充
Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls.	补充
Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools.	补充
Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders.	补充
Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features.	补充
Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans.	补充
Rake, mulch, and compost leaves.	补充
Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage.	补充
Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs, and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools.	补充
Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses.	补充
Haul or spread topsoil, or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place.	补充
Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens.	补充
Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

1.26/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Mow or edge lawns, using power mowers or edgers.	E2 受管理的设施
Care for established lawns by mulching, aerating, weeding, grubbing, removing thatch, or trimming or edging around flower beds, walks, or walls.	E1 机器人专用设施
Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes.	E1 机器人专用设施
Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws.	E1 机器人专用设施
Gather and remove litter.	E0 机器人不可
Mix and spray or spread fertilizers, herbicides, or insecticides onto grass, shrubs, or trees, using hand or automatic sprayers or spreaders.	E2 受管理的设施
Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans.	E2 受管理的设施
Trim or pick flowers and clean flower beds.	E0 机器人不可
Rake, mulch, and compost leaves.	E0 机器人不可
Follow planned landscaping designs to determine where to lay sod, sow grass, or plant flowers or foliage.	E1 机器人专用设施
Plant seeds, bulbs, foliage, flowering plants, grass, ground covers, trees, or shrubs, and apply mulch for protection, using gardening tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Decorate gardens with stones or plants.	E1 机器人专用设施
Attach wires from planted trees to support stakes.	E0 机器人不可
Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chainsaws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws.	E2 受管理的设施
Shovel snow from walks, driveways, or parking lots, and spread salt in those areas.	E2 受管理的设施
Maintain or repair tools, equipment, or structures, such as buildings, greenhouses, fences, or benches, using hand or power tools.	E0 机器人不可
Provide proper upkeep of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, fountains, planters, burial sites, or other grounds features.	E2 受管理的设施
Maintain irrigation systems, including winterizing the systems and starting them up in spring.	E0 机器人不可
Care for natural turf fields, making sure the underlying soil has the required composition to allow proper drainage and to support the grasses.	E1 机器人专用设施
Use irrigation methods to adjust the amount of water consumption and to prevent waste.	E1 机器人专用设施
Haul or spread topsoil, or spread straw over seeded soil to hold soil in place.	E1 机器人专用设施
Care for artificial turf fields, periodically removing the turf and replacing cushioning pads or vacuuming and disinfecting the turf after use to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.	E2 受管理的设施
Plan or cultivate lawns or gardens.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install rock gardens, ponds, decks, drainage systems, irrigation systems, retaining walls, fences, planters, or playground equipment.	E0 机器人不可
Build forms and mix and pour cement to form garden borders.	E1 机器人专用设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 1.2M
预计就业人数，2035: 1.2M
变化 (2025–35): +4.7%
年薪中位数，2025: $39,150
入职通常所需学历: No formal educational credential

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
61220	조경원	范围相同	已确认
61212	화훼작물 재배원	相关，但不对应	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 9214Garden and Horticultural Labourers
园林和园艺辅助工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Garden and horticultural labourers perform simple and routine tasks in operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, to produce saplings, bulbs and seeds, or grow vegetables and flowers by intensive cultivation techniques.

任务

(a) loading, unloading and moving supplies, produce and equipment;
(b) preparing garden sites and plots using hand tools and simple machines;
(c) assisting with planting and transplanting flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns;
(d) maintaining gardens by watering, weeding and mowing lawns;
(e) cleaning gardens and removing rubbish;
(f) assisting with propagating, planting and potting seeds, bulbs and cuttings;
(g) tending plants by hand watering and weeding;
(h) harvesting and packaging plants for sale and transport;
(i) performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment and fences.

职业示例

Garden labourer · Horticultural labourer · Lawn mower · Nursery labourer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

groundsman/groundswomanESCO 6113.1范围相同
Groundsmen/groundswomen provide landscape and lawn services and maintain grounds for private households, commercial and public facilities, schools, hotels, botanical gardens, golf courses, parks and athletic fields.\
garden labourerESCO 9214.1本职业范围更宽
Garden labourers perform simple tasks in cultivating and maintaining flowers, trees and shrubs. This work can take place in either parks or private gardens.
landscape gardenerESCO 6113.6本职业范围更宽
Landscape gardeners plan, construct, renovate and maintain parks, gardens and public green spaces.
curator of horticultureESCO 2131.4.6.1有重叠，但不相同
Curators of horticulture develop and maintain the botanical collections, exhibits and landscapes of a botanical garden.
horticulture workerESCO 6113.4有重叠，但不相同
Horticulture workers carry out practical activities and assist in nurseries or greenhouses for the production of horticultural crops.
land-based machinery operatorESCO 8341.2有重叠，但不相同
Land-based machinery operators operate specialised equipment and machinery for agricultural production and maintenance of landscape.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
A1203	Agent / Agente d'entretien des espaces verts	本职业范围更宽暂定
A1208	Jardinier / Jardinière paysagiste	本职业范围更宽暂定
A1220	Jardinier / Jardinière paysagiste en terrain de sport	本职业范围更宽暂定
K2314	Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance de systèmes d'irrigation	相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
6120	Trabajadores cualificados en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines	有重叠，但不相同
9512	Peones agrícolas en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines	有重叠，但不相同

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
12101	Berufe im Gartenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
12142	Berufe im Garten-, Landschafts- und Sportplatzbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
12132	Berufe in der Friedhofsgärtnerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽暂定
12102	Berufe im Gartenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
34112	Platz- und Gerätewarte/-wartinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
463	植木職，造園師	本职业范围更宽暂定
713	道路・公園清掃員	相关，但不对应暂定
739	その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源