Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel
Sales and Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 41-3091.00
Sell services to individuals or businesses. May describe options or resolve client problems.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.49
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
- 数据来源: OpenAI发布时间: 2023
0.567
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.844尺度 · 母数 · 来源
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 15 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 14 项（93.3%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Emphasize or recommend service features based on knowledge of customers' needs and vendor capabilities and limitations.41-3091.00 | 0.130039.4 | 0.090031.0 |
Answer customers' questions about services, prices, availability, or credit terms.41-3091.00 | 0.090027.3 | 0.090031.0 |
Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications.41-3091.00 | 0.070021.2 | 0.01003.4 |
Contact prospective or existing customers to discuss how services can meet their needs.41-3091.00 | 0.01003.0 | 0.080027.6 |
Compute and compare costs of services.41-3091.00 | 0.01003.0 | 0.01003.4 |
Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and provide ongoing support.41-3091.00 | 0.01003.0 | 0.01003.4 |
Inform customers of contracts or other information pertaining to purchased services.41-3091.00 | 0.01003.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Maintain customer records using automated systems.41-3091.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Monitor market conditions, innovations, and competitors' services, prices, and sales.41-3091.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Quote prices, credit terms, contract terms, or fulfillment dates for services.41-3091.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 5 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, regulations, or industry developments. | —0 | —0 |
Create forms or agreements to complete sales. | —0 | —0 |
Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows. | —0 | —0 |
Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from clients, or information from conferences or trade shows. | —0 | —0 |
Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Create forms or agreements to complete sales.O*NET Task ID 23227 | 1.0 |
Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications.O*NET Task ID 23228 | 1.0 |
Inform customers of contracts or other information pertaining to purchased services.O*NET Task ID 23232 | 1.0 |
Maintain customer records using automated systems.O*NET Task ID 23233 | 1.0 |
Quote prices, credit terms, contract terms, or fulfillment dates for services.O*NET Task ID 23236 | 1.0 |
Answer customers' questions about services, prices, availability, or credit terms.O*NET Task ID 23222 | 0.5 |
Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, regulations, or industry developments.O*NET Task ID 23223 | 0.5 |
Compute and compare costs of services.O*NET Task ID 23224 | 0.5 |
Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and provide ongoing support.O*NET Task ID 23225 | 0.5 |
Contact prospective or existing customers to discuss how services can meet their needs.O*NET Task ID 23226 | 0.5 |
Emphasize or recommend service features based on knowledge of customers' needs and vendor capabilities and limitations.O*NET Task ID 23230 | 0.5 |
Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from clients, or information from conferences or trade shows.O*NET Task ID 23231 | 0.5 |
Monitor market conditions, innovations, and competitors' services, prices, and sales.O*NET Task ID 23234 | 0.5 |
Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements.O*NET Task ID 23235 | 0.5 |
Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows.O*NET Task ID 23229 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（15 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Answer customers' questions about services, prices, availability, or credit terms. | 核心 |
| Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and provide ongoing support. | 核心 |
| Contact prospective or existing customers to discuss how services can meet their needs. | 核心 |
| Create forms or agreements to complete sales. | 核心 |
| Develop sales presentations or proposals to explain service specifications. | 核心 |
| Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows. | 核心 |
| Emphasize or recommend service features based on knowledge of customers' needs and vendor capabilities and limitations. | 核心 |
| Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from clients, or information from conferences or trade shows. | 核心 |
| Inform customers of contracts or other information pertaining to purchased services. | 核心 |
| Maintain customer records using automated systems. | 核心 |
| Monitor market conditions, innovations, and competitors' services, prices, and sales. | 核心 |
| Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. | 核心 |
| Quote prices, credit terms, contract terms, or fulfillment dates for services. | 核心 |
| Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, regulations, or industry developments. | 补充 |
| Compute and compare costs of services. | 补充 |
0.03/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Distribute promotional materials at meetings, conferences, or trade shows. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 1.3M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 1.3M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +2.7%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $69,990
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51092 | 체인점 모집 및 관리 영업원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 53110 | 단말기 및 통신 서비스 판매원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 51099 | 그 외 영업원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已审核 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives
商业销售代表
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Commercial sales representatives represent companies to sell various goods and services to businesses and other organizations and provide product-specific information as required.
任务
- (a) soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and other establishments;
- (b) selling equipment, supplies and related services to business establishments or individuals;
- (c) obtaining and updating knowledge of market conditions and of employer’s and competitors’ goods and services;
- (d) providing prospective customers with information about the characteristics and functions of the products and equipment for sale, and demonstrating its use or qualities;
- (e) quoting prices and credit terms, recording orders and arranging deliveries;
- (f) reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to suppliers and manufacturers;
- (g) following up clients to ensure satisfaction with products purchased.
职业示例
After-sales service adviser · Canvasser · Commercial traveller
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- client relations managerESCO 2431.6本职业范围更窄
Client relations managers act as the middle person between a company and its customers. They ensure that the customers are satisfied by providing them with guidance and explanation on their accounts and services received by the company. They also have possible other tasks such as developing plans or delivering proposals.
- commercial sales representativeESCO 3322.1本职业范围更窄
Commercial sales representatives represent a company in selling and providing information on goods and services to businesses and organisations.
- electricity sales representativeESCO 3322.1.1本职业范围更宽
Electricity sales representatives assess clients' energy needs, and recommend the purchase of electricity supply from their corporation. They promote their corporation's services, and negotiate terms of sale with clients.
- renewable energy sales representativeESCO 3322.1.2本职业范围更宽
Renewable energy sales representatives assess clients' energy supply needs, and attempt to secure sales of renewable energy methods. They promote renewable energy suppliers and the use of renewable energy products, and liaise with consumers to increase sales.
- door to door sellerESCO 5243.1有重叠，但不相同
Door to door sellers sell goods and services door to door.
- solar energy sales consultantESCO 2433.5有重叠，但不相同
Solar energy sales consultants provide advice on solar energy for domestic or industrial purposes, and aim to promote the use of solar energy as an alternative and more sustainable source of energy. They communicate with prospective clients, and attend networking events, to ensure increased sales of solar energy products.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| C1117 | Courtier automobile / Courtière automobile | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| D1403 | Conseiller commercial / Conseillère commerciale auprès des particuliers | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| D1416 | Commercial / Commerciale auprès d'une clientèle d'entreprises | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| D1444 | Responsable grands comptes | 相关，但不对应 |
| M1722 | Chargé / Chargée de cession de droits, synchro | 相关，但不对应 |
| D1410 | Attaché commercial / Attachée commerciale | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3510 | Agentes y representantes comerciales | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 61123 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 92133 | Berufe im Kundenmanagement - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 51653 | Schifffahrtskaufleute - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 349 | その他の営業職業従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 345 | 通信・システム営業職業従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源