Court, Municipal, and License Clerks

Office and Administrative Support Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 43-4031.00

Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.102
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.43
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 26 项工作

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 29 项（96.7%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 30.2)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Prepare meeting agendas or packets of related information. 43-4031.00	0.100076.9	0.030075.0
Answer questions or provide advice to the public regarding licensing policies, procedures, or regulations. 43-4031.00	0.020015.4	0.00000.0
Perform budgeting duties, such as assisting in budget preparation, expenditure review, or budget administration. 43-4031.00	0.01007.7	0.00000.0
Examine legal documents submitted to courts for adherence to laws or court procedures. 43-4031.00	0.00000.0	0.010025.0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record and edit the minutes of meetings and distribute to appropriate officials or staff members. O*NET Task ID 23269	1.0
Question applicants to obtain required information, such as name, address, or age, and record data on prescribed forms. O*NET Task ID 23270	1.0
Issue public notification of all official activities or meetings. O*NET Task ID 23271	1.0
Prepare meeting agendas or packets of related information. O*NET Task ID 23274	1.0
Prepare and issue orders of the court, such as probation orders, release documentation, sentencing information, or summonses. O*NET Task ID 23275	1.0
Prepare ordinances, resolutions, or proclamations so that they can be executed, recorded, archived, or distributed. O*NET Task ID 23276	1.0
Code information on license applications for entry into computers. O*NET Task ID 23277	1.0
Record case dispositions, court orders, or arrangements made for payment of court fees. O*NET Task ID 23278	1.0
Prepare documents recording the outcomes of court proceedings. O*NET Task ID 23281	1.0
Perform general office duties, such as taking or transcribing dictation, typing or proofreading correspondence, distributing or filing official forms, or scheduling appointments. O*NET Task ID 23283	1.0
Perform administrative tasks, such as answering telephone calls, filing court documents, or maintaining office supplies or equipment. O*NET Task ID 23284	1.0
Instruct parties about timing of court appearances. O*NET Task ID 23290	1.0
Evaluate information on applications to verify completeness and accuracy and to determine whether applicants are qualified to obtain desired licenses. O*NET Task ID 23267	0.5
Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents. O*NET Task ID 23268	0.5
Record and maintain all vital and fiscal records and accounts. O*NET Task ID 23272	0.5
Answer questions or provide advice to the public regarding licensing policies, procedures, or regulations. O*NET Task ID 23273	0.5
Perform budgeting duties, such as assisting in budget preparation, expenditure review, or budget administration. O*NET Task ID 23279	0.5
Perform record checks on past or current licensees, as required by investigations. O*NET Task ID 23280	0.5
Examine legal documents submitted to courts for adherence to laws or court procedures. O*NET Task ID 23282	0.5
Respond to requests for information from the public, other municipalities, state officials, or state and federal legislative offices. O*NET Task ID 23285	0.5
Search files and contact witnesses, attorneys, or litigants to obtain information for the court. O*NET Task ID 23286	0.5
Coordinate or maintain office tracking systems for correspondence or follow-up actions. O*NET Task ID 23287	0.5
Answer inquiries from the general public regarding judicial procedures, court appearances, trial dates, adjournments, outstanding warrants, summonses, subpoenas, witness fees, or payment of fines. O*NET Task ID 23288	0.5
Research information in the municipal archives upon request of public officials or private citizens. O*NET Task ID 23291	0.5
Perform contract administration duties, assisting with bid openings or the awarding of contracts. O*NET Task ID 23292	0.5
Participate in the administration of municipal elections, such as preparation or distribution of ballots, appointment or training of election officers, or tabulation or certification of results. O*NET Task ID 23293	0.5
Issue various permits and licenses, such as marriage, fishing, hunting, and dog licenses, and collect appropriate fees. O*NET Task ID 23294	0.5
Plan or direct the maintenance, filing, safekeeping, or computerization of all municipal documents. O*NET Task ID 23295	0.5
Prepare dockets or calendars of cases to be called. O*NET Task ID 23296	0.5
再显示 19 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Question applicants to obtain required information, such as name, address, or age, and record data on prescribed forms.	核心
Record case dispositions, court orders, or arrangements made for payment of court fees.	核心
Examine legal documents submitted to courts for adherence to laws or court procedures.	核心
Perform general office duties, such as taking or transcribing dictation, typing or proofreading correspondence, distributing or filing official forms, or scheduling appointments.	核心
Perform administrative tasks, such as answering telephone calls, filing court documents, or maintaining office supplies or equipment.	核心
Respond to requests for information from the public, other municipalities, state officials, or state and federal legislative offices.	核心
Coordinate or maintain office tracking systems for correspondence or follow-up actions.	核心
Answer inquiries from the general public regarding judicial procedures, court appearances, trial dates, adjournments, outstanding warrants, summonses, subpoenas, witness fees, or payment of fines.	核心
Instruct parties about timing of court appearances.	核心
Research information in the municipal archives upon request of public officials or private citizens.	核心
Plan or direct the maintenance, filing, safekeeping, or computerization of all municipal documents.	核心
Evaluate information on applications to verify completeness and accuracy and to determine whether applicants are qualified to obtain desired licenses.	补充
Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents.	补充
Record and edit the minutes of meetings and distribute to appropriate officials or staff members.	补充
Issue public notification of all official activities or meetings.	补充
Record and maintain all vital and fiscal records and accounts.	补充
Answer questions or provide advice to the public regarding licensing policies, procedures, or regulations.	补充
Prepare meeting agendas or packets of related information.	补充
Prepare and issue orders of the court, such as probation orders, release documentation, sentencing information, or summonses.	补充
Prepare ordinances, resolutions, or proclamations so that they can be executed, recorded, archived, or distributed.	补充
Code information on license applications for entry into computers.	补充
Perform budgeting duties, such as assisting in budget preparation, expenditure review, or budget administration.	补充
Perform record checks on past or current licensees, as required by investigations.	补充
Prepare documents recording the outcomes of court proceedings.	补充
Search files and contact witnesses, attorneys, or litigants to obtain information for the court.	补充
Train other workers or coordinate their work, as necessary.	补充
Perform contract administration duties, assisting with bid openings or the awarding of contracts.	补充
Issue various permits and licenses, such as marriage, fishing, hunting, and dog licenses, and collect appropriate fees.	补充
Prepare dockets or calendars of cases to be called.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.21/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents.	E2 受管理的设施
Perform general office duties, such as taking or transcribing dictation, typing or proofreading correspondence, distributing or filing official forms, or scheduling appointments.	E1 机器人专用设施
Perform administrative tasks, such as answering telephone calls, filing court documents, or maintaining office supplies or equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Participate in the administration of municipal elections, such as preparation or distribution of ballots, appointment or training of election officers, or tabulation or certification of results.	E0 机器人不可

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 187K
预计就业人数，2035: 193K
变化 (2025–35): +3.4%
年薪中位数，2025: $48,700
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
35111	법무 사무원	本职业范围更宽	已确认
35290	그 외 정부 행정 사무원	本职业范围更宽	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 3354Government Licensing Officials
政府许可审批官员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Government licensing officials examine applications for licences to export or import goods, set up businesses, build houses or other structures, or to obtain passports, determine eligibility of applications for issuing licences or passports, and identify specific conditions or restrictions to be attached to licences issued, referring exceptional or important cases to senior government officials or managers.

任务

(a) advising individuals on government laws and regulations concerning the type of licence required and the conditions attached to such licences, and on the public's rights and obligations;
(b) examining applications and relevant documents and determining whether a licence can be granted and the conditions which should be attached;
(c) examining applications and approving the issue of passports;
(d) performing related administrative tasks to process applications, document activities, evaluations and determinations, and to prepare correspondence to inform applicants of licensing decisions;
(e) administering and scoring tests required to license applicants.

职业示例

Building permit (licensing) officer · Business permit (licensing) officer · Licensing officer · Passport officer (issuing)

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

court clerkESCO 3411.5本职业范围更宽
Court clerks provide assistance to judges in a court institution. They handle enquiries on court proceedings, and assist judges in various tasks such as performing legal research in preparation of cases or writing opinion pieces. They also contact parties involved in cases and brief judges and other court officials.
court administrative officerESCO 3411.3有重叠，但不相同
Court administrative officers perform administrative and assisting duties for the court and judges. They are designated to accept or reject applications for informal probate and informal appointment of a personal representative. They manage case accounts and handle official documents. Court administrative officers perform assisting duties during a court trial, such as calling out the cases and identification of parties, keeping notes, and recording orders from the judge..
court reporterESCO 3343.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Court reporters type in word processors or any other software each one of the words mentioned in the courtroom. They transcript the hearings that take place in court in order to issue the official hearings of the legal case. They allow that the case can be further studied by the parties in an accurate fashion.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
K1909	Greffier / Greffière	本职业范围更宽暂定
K1746	Receveur placier / Receveuse placière	相关，但不对应
K1406	Secrétaire de mairie	相关，但不对应暂定
M1602	Secrétaire administratif / Secrétaire administrative de collectivité territoriale	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
3623	Profesionales de apoyo de la Administración Pública de servicios de expedición de licencias	有重叠，但不相同
3711	Profesionales de apoyo de servicios jurídicos y servicios similares	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
73252	Berufe in der Justizverwaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
73202	Berufe in der öffentlichen Verwaltung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	有重叠，但不相同
73254	Berufe in der Justizverwaltung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应
73283	Berufe in der öffentlichen Verwaltung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应
73282	Berufe in der öffentlichen Verwaltung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
259	その他の一般事務従事者	本职业范围更窄
179	その他の法務従事者	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源