Desktop Publishers

Office and Administrative Support Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
43-9031.00

Format typescript and graphic elements using computer software to produce publication-ready material.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    很高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.464

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.38

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 11 项工作

已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 17 项（94.4%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Position text and art elements from a variety of databases in a visually appealing way to design print or web pages, using knowledge of type styles and size and layout patterns.

43-9031.00

0.065741.10.024134.1
Convert various types of files for printing or for the Internet, using computer software.

43-9031.00

0.028918.10.016022.6
Operate desktop publishing software and equipment to design, lay out, and produce camera-ready copy.

43-9031.00

0.028718.00.007610.8
Enter text into computer keyboard and select the size and style of type, column width, and appropriate spacing for printed materials.

43-9031.00

0.021813.60.011516.3
Edit graphics and photos, using pixel or bitmap editing, airbrushing, masking, or image retouching.

43-9031.00

0.00674.20.00709.9
Collaborate with graphic artists, editors and writers to produce master copies according to design specifications.

43-9031.00

0.00402.5—0
Import text and art elements, such as electronic clip art or electronic files from photographs that have been scanned or produced with a digital camera, using computer software.

43-9031.00

0.00382.40.00446.3

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（18 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Check preliminary and final proofs for errors and make necessary corrections.核心
Operate desktop publishing software and equipment to design, lay out, and produce camera-ready copy.核心
View monitors for visual representation of work in progress and for instructions and feedback throughout process, making modifications as necessary.核心
Enter text into computer keyboard and select the size and style of type, column width, and appropriate spacing for printed materials.核心
Position text and art elements from a variety of databases in a visually appealing way to design print or web pages, using knowledge of type styles and size and layout patterns.核心
Enter digitized data into electronic prepress system computer memory, using scanner, camera, keyboard, or mouse.核心
Edit graphics and photos, using pixel or bitmap editing, airbrushing, masking, or image retouching.核心
Import text and art elements, such as electronic clip art or electronic files from photographs that have been scanned or produced with a digital camera, using computer software.核心
Prepare sample layouts for approval, using computer software.核心
Study layout or other design instructions to determine work to be done and sequence of operations.核心
Convert various types of files for printing or for the Internet, using computer software.核心
Enter data, such as coordinates of images and color specifications, into system to retouch and make color corrections.核心
Select number of colors and determine color separations.核心
Store copies of publications on paper, magnetic tape, film, or diskette.补充
Load floppy disks or tapes containing information into system.补充
Transmit, deliver, or mail publication master to printer for production into film and plates.补充
Collaborate with graphic artists, editors and writers to produce master copies according to design specifications.补充
Create special effects such as vignettes, mosaics, and image combining, and add elements such as sound and animation to electronic publications.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
5K
预计就业人数，2035
4K
变化 (2025–35)
-14.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$55,290
入职通常所需学历
Associate's degree
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
37291출판 및 자료 편집 사무원范围相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7321Pre-press Technicians

    印前技术员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Pre-press technicians proof, format, set and compose text and graphics into a form suitable for use in various printing processes and representation in other visual media.

任务

  • (a) operating graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce camera-ready copy onto films, plates and digital output devices;
  • (b) using computer applications to generate images, text, layouts and impositions for print and other visual media displays;
  • (c) operating plate making equipment to reproduce images from film to printing plates, digital output devices and presses;
  • (d) operating computer screen-based equipment for scanning, colour separation, colour correction, masking, creative design, combining, imposing, retouching, and other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate, digital output and cylinder productions;
  • (e) carrying out digital and chemical proofing from digital systems, and negative and positive films;
  • (f) evaluating printed proofs, checking and correcting them for quality;
  • (g) preparing and exposing carbon tissue for laying on cylinders by transfer method, and developing images.

职业示例

Compositor · Desktop publishing operator · Electronic pre-press technician · Photogravurist · Photolithographer · Plate maker (printing) · Plate mounter (screen printing) · Screen maker · Typesetter

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • desktop publisherESCO 2166.5范围相同

    Desktop publishers are responsible for the layout of publications. They use computer software to arrange texts, photographs and other materials in a pleasing and readable finished product.

  • typesetterESCO 7321.1.6本职业范围更宽

    Typesetters ensure that printed text is correctly set and visually pleasing. While typesetting was originally done manually and later employed techniques like linotype and phototypesetting, almost all typesetting is now done digitally using design programs or specialised typesetting programs.

  • graphic designerESCO 2166.10有重叠，但不相同

    Graphic designers create text and images to communicate ideas. They make visual concepts by hand or using computer software, intended for publishing in paper or online media such as advertisements, websites, and magazines.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
E1306Opérateur / Opératrice de prépresse本职业范围更窄暂定
E1130Chargé / Chargée d'édition musicale graphique相关，但不对应暂定
E1205Designer graphique相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7621Trabajadores de procesos de preimpresión本职业范围更窄暂定
2484Diseñadores gráficos y multimedia相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
23212Berufe in der Digital- und Printmediengestaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄暂定
23213Berufe in der Digital- und Printmediengestaltung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
537印刷・製本従事者本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源