Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

Construction and Extraction Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
47-2071.00

Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other materials to road beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways or for tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includes concrete and asphalt paving machine operators, form tampers, tamping machine operators, and stone spreader operators.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.13

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

已评分任务 20 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Start machine, engage clutch, and push and move levers to guide machine along forms or guidelines and to control the operation of machine attachments.

O*NET Task ID 4796

0.0
Inspect, clean, maintain, and repair equipment, using mechanics' hand tools, or report malfunctions to supervisors.

O*NET Task ID 4797

0.0
Operate machines to spread, smooth, level, or steel-reinforce stone, concrete, or asphalt on road beds.

O*NET Task ID 4798

0.0
Operate oil distributors, loaders, chip spreaders, dump trucks, and snow plows.

O*NET Task ID 4799

0.0
Coordinate truck dumping.

O*NET Task ID 4800

0.0
Set up and tear down equipment.

O*NET Task ID 4801

0.0
Operate tamping machines or manually roll surfaces to compact earth fills, foundation forms, and finished road materials, according to grade specifications.

O*NET Task ID 4802

0.0
Shovel blacktop.

O*NET Task ID 4803

0.0
Drive machines onto truck trailers, and drive trucks to transport machines and material to and from job sites.

O*NET Task ID 4804

0.0
Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material.

O*NET Task ID 4805

0.0
Light burners or start heating units of machines, and regulate screed temperatures and asphalt flow rates.

O*NET Task ID 4806

0.0
Control paving machines to push dump trucks and to maintain a constant flow of asphalt or other material into hoppers or screeds.

O*NET Task ID 4807

0.0
Set up forms and lay out guidelines for curbs, according to written specifications, using string, spray paint, and concrete or water mixes.

O*NET Task ID 4808

0.0
Fill tanks, hoppers, or machines with paving materials.

O*NET Task ID 4809

0.0
Drive and operate curbing machines to extrude concrete or asphalt curbing.

O*NET Task ID 4810

0.0
Cut or break up pavement and drive guardrail posts, using machines equipped with interchangeable hammers.

O*NET Task ID 4811

0.0
Install dies, cutters, and extensions to screeds onto machines, using hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 4812

0.0
Operate machines that clean or cut expansion joints in concrete or asphalt and that rout out cracks in pavement.

O*NET Task ID 4813

0.0
Place strips of material, such as cork, asphalt, or steel into joints, or place rolls of expansion-joint material on machines that automatically insert material.

O*NET Task ID 4814

0.0
Control traffic.

O*NET Task ID 20143

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Start machine, engage clutch, and push and move levers to guide machine along forms or guidelines and to control the operation of machine attachments.核心
Inspect, clean, maintain, and repair equipment, using mechanics' hand tools, or report malfunctions to supervisors.核心
Operate machines to spread, smooth, level, or steel-reinforce stone, concrete, or asphalt on road beds.核心
Operate oil distributors, loaders, chip spreaders, dump trucks, and snow plows.核心
Coordinate truck dumping.核心
Set up and tear down equipment.核心
Operate tamping machines or manually roll surfaces to compact earth fills, foundation forms, and finished road materials, according to grade specifications.核心
Shovel blacktop.核心
Drive machines onto truck trailers, and drive trucks to transport machines and material to and from job sites.核心
Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material.核心
Light burners or start heating units of machines, and regulate screed temperatures and asphalt flow rates.核心
Control paving machines to push dump trucks and to maintain a constant flow of asphalt or other material into hoppers or screeds.核心
Fill tanks, hoppers, or machines with paving materials.核心
Control traffic.核心
Set up forms and lay out guidelines for curbs, according to written specifications, using string, spray paint, and concrete or water mixes.补充
Drive and operate curbing machines to extrude concrete or asphalt curbing.补充
Cut or break up pavement and drive guardrail posts, using machines equipped with interchangeable hammers.补充
Install dies, cutters, and extensions to screeds onto machines, using hand tools.补充
Operate machines that clean or cut expansion joints in concrete or asphalt and that rout out cracks in pavement.补充
Place strips of material, such as cork, asphalt, or steel into joints, or place rolls of expansion-joint material on machines that automatically insert material.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
42K
预计就业人数，2035
42K
变化 (2025–35)
-0.9%
年薪中位数，2025
$53,340
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
87405도로포장기 및 롤러 운전원范围相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 8342Earthmoving and Related Plant Operators

    土方及有关机械操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Earthmoving and related plant operators operate machines to excavate, grade, level, smooth and compact earth or similar materials.

任务

  • (a) operating and monitoring excavating machinery equipped with moveable shovel, grab-bucket or dragline bucket, to excavate and move earth, rock, sand, gravel or similar materials;
  • (b) operating and monitoring machinery for digging trenches for sewers, drainage, water, oil, gas or similar pipelines;
  • (c) operating and monitoring machinery equipped with concave steel blade to move, distribute and level earth, sand, snow and other materials;
  • (d) operating and monitoring equipment to remove sand, gravel and mud from bottom of body of water;
  • (e) operating and monitoring machines for hammering wooden, concrete or steel piles into ground;
  • (f) operating and monitoring power roller to compact and smooth layers of materials in making roads, pavements and similar work;
  • (g) operating and monitoring machines which spread and smooth concrete or bituminous or tar preparations to construct roadways, roads or similar surfaces.

职业示例

Bulldozer operator · Excavator operator · Front-end loader operator · Pile-driver operator · Road-roller operator · Road surface laying machine operator · Snow-groomer operator

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • road construction workerESCO 8342.6范围相同

    Road construction workers perform road construction on earthworks, substructure works and the pavement section of the road. They cover the compacted soil with one or more layers. Road construction workers usually lay a stabilising bed of sand or clay first before adding asphalt or concrete slabs in order to finish a road.

  • grader operatorESCO 8342.4本职业范围更宽

    Grader operators work with a heavy piece of mobile equipment that creates a flat surface by slicing off the top soil with a large blade. Graders usually provide a flat finish on the heavy earthmoving work performed by the scraper and bulldozer operators.

  • road maintenance workerESCO 9312.1.3本职业范围更宽

    Road maintenance workers perform routine inspections of roads, and are sent out to perform repairs when called for. They patch potholes, cracks and other damage in roads.

  • road roller operatorESCO 8342.7本职业范围更宽

    Road roller operators work with equipment to compact a variety of materials, such as soil, gravel, concrete or asphalt, in the construction of roads and foundations. They walk behind, or sit on top of the road roller, depending on the type and size, and roll over the area to be compacted.

  • scraper operatorESCO 8342.8本职业范围更宽

    Scraper operators work with a mobile piece of heavy equipment that scrapes the top layer of the ground and deposits it in a hopper to be hauled off. They drive the scraper over the surface to be scraped, adapting the speed of the machine to the hardness of the surface.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
F1302Conducteur / Conductrice d'engins de chantier本职业范围更窄
F1702Ouvrier / Ouvrière en voieries urbaines相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8331Operadores de maquinaria de movimientos de tierras y equipos similares本职业范围更窄

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
52522Führer/innen von Erdbewegungs- und verwandten Maschinen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
32222Berufe im Straßen- und Asphaltbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
645建設・さく井機械運転従事者本职业范围更窄
681土木従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源