Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 47-2073.00
Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.13
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 28 项工作已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（7.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Monitor operations to ensure that health and safety standards are met.47-2073.00 | 0.0030100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Keep records of material or equipment usage or problems encountered.O*NET Task ID 9872 | 1.0 |
Compile cost estimates for jobs.O*NET Task ID 9877 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Learn and follow safety regulations. | 核心 |
| Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects. | 核心 |
| Adjust handwheels and depress pedals to control attachments, such as blades, buckets, scrapers, or swing booms. | 核心 |
| Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes. | 核心 |
| Locate underground services, such as pipes or wires, prior to beginning work. | 核心 |
| Monitor operations to ensure that health and safety standards are met. | 核心 |
| Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers. | 核心 |
| Load and move dirt, rocks, equipment, or other materials, using trucks, crawler tractors, power cranes, shovels, graders, or related equipment. | 核心 |
| Drive and maneuver equipment equipped with blades in successive passes over working areas to remove topsoil, vegetation, or rocks or to distribute and level earth or terrain. | 核心 |
| Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members. | 核心 |
| Operate tractors or bulldozers to perform such tasks as clearing land, mixing sludge, trimming backfills, or building roadways or parking lots. | 核心 |
| Repair and maintain equipment, making emergency adjustments or assisting with major repairs as necessary. | 核心 |
| Connect hydraulic hoses, belts, mechanical linkages, or power takeoff shafts to tractors. | 核心 |
| Operate loaders to pull out stumps, rip asphalt or concrete, rough-grade properties, bury refuse, or perform general cleanup. | 核心 |
| Select and fasten bulldozer blades or other attachments to tractors, using hitches. | 核心 |
| Signal operators to guide movement of tractor-drawn machines. | 核心 |
| Keep records of material or equipment usage or problems encountered. | 核心 |
| Operate equipment to demolish or remove debris or to remove snow from streets, roads, or parking lots. | 核心 |
| Check fuel supplies at sites to ensure adequate availability. | 补充 |
| Test atmosphere for adequate oxygen or explosive conditions when working in confined spaces. | 补充 |
| Operate compactors, scrapers, or rollers to level, compact, or cover refuse at disposal grounds. | 补充 |
| Talk to clients and study instructions, plans, or diagrams to establish work requirements. | 补充 |
| Operate road watering, oiling, or rolling equipment, or street sealing equipment, such as chip spreaders. | 补充 |
| Push other equipment when extra traction or assistance is required. | 补充 |
| Drive tractor-trailer trucks to move equipment from site to site. | 补充 |
| Turn valves to control air or water output of compressors or pumps. | 补充 |
1.60/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Learn and follow safety regulations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust handwheels and depress pedals to control attachments, such as blades, buckets, scrapers, or swing booms. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Locate underground services, such as pipes or wires, prior to beginning work. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Load and move dirt, rocks, equipment, or other materials, using trucks, crawler tractors, power cranes, shovels, graders, or related equipment. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Drive and maneuver equipment equipped with blades in successive passes over working areas to remove topsoil, vegetation, or rocks or to distribute and level earth or terrain. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate tractors or bulldozers to perform such tasks as clearing land, mixing sludge, trimming backfills, or building roadways or parking lots. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Repair and maintain equipment, making emergency adjustments or assisting with major repairs as necessary. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Connect hydraulic hoses, belts, mechanical linkages, or power takeoff shafts to tractors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate loaders to pull out stumps, rip asphalt or concrete, rough-grade properties, bury refuse, or perform general cleanup. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Select and fasten bulldozer blades or other attachments to tractors, using hitches. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate equipment to demolish or remove debris or to remove snow from streets, roads, or parking lots. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Check fuel supplies at sites to ensure adequate availability. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test atmosphere for adequate oxygen or explosive conditions when working in confined spaces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate compactors, scrapers, or rollers to level, compact, or cover refuse at disposal grounds. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Operate road watering, oiling, or rolling equipment, or street sealing equipment, such as chip spreaders. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Push other equipment when extra traction or assistance is required. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Drive tractor-trailer trucks to move equipment from site to site. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Turn valves to control air or water output of compressors or pumps. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 490K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 512K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.6%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $59,850
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 87403 | 도로정지기 운전원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 87406 | 굴삭기 및 불도저 운전원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 89903 | 케이블 및 배관 부설기 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 8342Earthmoving and Related Plant Operators
土方及有关机械操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Earthmoving and related plant operators operate machines to excavate, grade, level, smooth and compact earth or similar materials.
任务
- (a) operating and monitoring excavating machinery equipped with moveable shovel, grab-bucket or dragline bucket, to excavate and move earth, rock, sand, gravel or similar materials;
- (b) operating and monitoring machinery for digging trenches for sewers, drainage, water, oil, gas or similar pipelines;
- (c) operating and monitoring machinery equipped with concave steel blade to move, distribute and level earth, sand, snow and other materials;
- (d) operating and monitoring equipment to remove sand, gravel and mud from bottom of body of water;
- (e) operating and monitoring machines for hammering wooden, concrete or steel piles into ground;
- (f) operating and monitoring power roller to compact and smooth layers of materials in making roads, pavements and similar work;
- (g) operating and monitoring machines which spread and smooth concrete or bituminous or tar preparations to construct roadways, roads or similar surfaces.
职业示例
Bulldozer operator · Excavator operator · Front-end loader operator · Pile-driver operator · Road-roller operator · Road surface laying machine operator · Snow-groomer operator
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- bulldozer operatorESCO 8342.1本职业范围更宽
Bulldozer operators operate a heavy vehicle to move earth, rubble or other material over the ground.
- excavator operatorESCO 8342.3本职业范围更宽
Excavator operators use excavators to dig into earth or other materials to remove it. They are involved in a variety of projects, such as demolition, dredging, and the of digging holes, foundations and trenches.
- grader operatorESCO 8342.4本职业范围更宽
Grader operators work with a heavy piece of mobile equipment that creates a flat surface by slicing off the top soil with a large blade. Graders usually provide a flat finish on the heavy earthmoving work performed by the scraper and bulldozer operators.
- road construction workerESCO 8342.6本职业范围更宽
Road construction workers perform road construction on earthworks, substructure works and the pavement section of the road. They cover the compacted soil with one or more layers. Road construction workers usually lay a stabilising bed of sand or clay first before adding asphalt or concrete slabs in order to finish a road.
- road roller operatorESCO 8342.7本职业范围更宽
Road roller operators work with equipment to compact a variety of materials, such as soil, gravel, concrete or asphalt, in the construction of roads and foundations. They walk behind, or sit on top of the road roller, depending on the type and size, and roll over the area to be compacted.
- scraper operatorESCO 8342.8本职业范围更宽
Scraper operators work with a mobile piece of heavy equipment that scrapes the top layer of the ground and deposits it in a hopper to be hauled off. They drive the scraper over the surface to be scraped, adapting the speed of the machine to the hardness of the surface.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1302 | Conducteur / Conductrice d'engins de chantier | 范围相同暂定 |
| F1303 | Conducteur / Conductrice d'engin de damage | 本职业范围更宽 |
| F1301 | Grutier / Grutière | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 8331 | Operadores de maquinaria de movimientos de tierras y equipos similares | 范围相同暂定 |
| 8332 | Operadores de grúas, montacargas y de maquinaria similar de movimiento de materiales | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 52522 | Führer/innen von Erdbewegungs- und verwandten Maschinen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 645 | 建設・さく井機械運転従事者 | 范围相同暂定 |
| 643 | クレーン・ウインチ運転従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源