Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 47-2152.04
Install or repair solar energy systems designed to collect, store, and circulate solar-heated water for residential, commercial or industrial use.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.012
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.18
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 21 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（9.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Design active direct or indirect, passive direct or indirect, or pool solar systems.O*NET Task ID 17766 | 0.5 |
Assess collector sites to ensure structural integrity of potential mounting surfaces or the best orientation and tilt for solar collectors.O*NET Task ID 17769 | 0.5 |
Perform routine maintenance or repairs to restore solar thermal systems to baseline operating conditions.O*NET Task ID 17767 | 0.0 |
Apply operation or identification tags or labels to system components, as required.O*NET Task ID 17768 | 0.0 |
Connect water heaters and storage tanks to power and water sources.O*NET Task ID 17770 | 0.0 |
Determine locations for installing solar subsystem components, including piping, water heaters, valves, and ancillary equipment.O*NET Task ID 17771 | 0.0 |
Fill water tanks and check tanks, pipes, and fittings for leaks.O*NET Task ID 17772 | 0.0 |
Identify plumbing, electrical, environmental, or safety hazards associated with solar thermal installations.O*NET Task ID 17773 | 0.0 |
Install circulating pumps using pipe, fittings, soldering equipment, electrical supplies, and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 17774 | 0.0 |
Install copper or plastic plumbing using pipes, fittings, pipe cutters, acetylene torches, solder, wire brushes, sand cloths, flux, plastic pipe cleaners, or plastic glue.O*NET Task ID 17775 | 0.0 |
Install flat-plat, evacuated glass, or concentrating solar collectors on mounting devices, using brackets or struts.O*NET Task ID 17776 | 0.0 |
Install heat exchangers and heat exchanger fluids according to installation manuals and schematics.O*NET Task ID 17777 | 0.0 |
Install monitoring system components, such as flow meters, temperature gauges, and pressure gauges, according to system design and manufacturer specifications.O*NET Task ID 17778 | 0.0 |
Install plumbing, such as dip tubes, port fittings, drain tank valves, pressure temperature relief valves, or tanks, according to manufacturer specifications and building codes.O*NET Task ID 17779 | 0.0 |
Install solar collector mounting devices on tile, asphalt, shingle, or built-up gravel roofs, using appropriate materials and penetration methods.O*NET Task ID 17780 | 0.0 |
Install solar thermal system controllers and sensors.O*NET Task ID 17781 | 0.0 |
Test operation or functionality of mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and control systems.O*NET Task ID 17782 | 0.0 |
Apply ultraviolet radiation protection to prevent degradation of plumbing.O*NET Task ID 17783 | 0.0 |
Apply weather seal, such as pipe flashings and sealants, to roof penetrations and structural devices.O*NET Task ID 17784 | 0.0 |
Cut, miter, and glue piping insulation to insulate plumbing pipes and fittings.O*NET Task ID 17785 | 0.0 |
Demonstrate start-up, shut-down, maintenance, diagnostic, and safety procedures to thermal system owners.O*NET Task ID 17786 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（21 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Design active direct or indirect, passive direct or indirect, or pool solar systems. | 核心 |
| Perform routine maintenance or repairs to restore solar thermal systems to baseline operating conditions. | 核心 |
| Apply operation or identification tags or labels to system components, as required. | 核心 |
| Assess collector sites to ensure structural integrity of potential mounting surfaces or the best orientation and tilt for solar collectors. | 核心 |
| Connect water heaters and storage tanks to power and water sources. | 核心 |
| Determine locations for installing solar subsystem components, including piping, water heaters, valves, and ancillary equipment. | 核心 |
| Fill water tanks and check tanks, pipes, and fittings for leaks. | 核心 |
| Identify plumbing, electrical, environmental, or safety hazards associated with solar thermal installations. | 核心 |
| Install circulating pumps using pipe, fittings, soldering equipment, electrical supplies, and hand tools. | 核心 |
| Install copper or plastic plumbing using pipes, fittings, pipe cutters, acetylene torches, solder, wire brushes, sand cloths, flux, plastic pipe cleaners, or plastic glue. | 核心 |
| Install flat-plat, evacuated glass, or concentrating solar collectors on mounting devices, using brackets or struts. | 核心 |
| Install heat exchangers and heat exchanger fluids according to installation manuals and schematics. | 核心 |
| Install monitoring system components, such as flow meters, temperature gauges, and pressure gauges, according to system design and manufacturer specifications. | 核心 |
| Install plumbing, such as dip tubes, port fittings, drain tank valves, pressure temperature relief valves, or tanks, according to manufacturer specifications and building codes. | 核心 |
| Install solar collector mounting devices on tile, asphalt, shingle, or built-up gravel roofs, using appropriate materials and penetration methods. | 核心 |
| Install solar thermal system controllers and sensors. | 核心 |
| Test operation or functionality of mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and control systems. | 核心 |
| Apply weather seal, such as pipe flashings and sealants, to roof penetrations and structural devices. | 核心 |
| Cut, miter, and glue piping insulation to insulate plumbing pipes and fittings. | 核心 |
| Demonstrate start-up, shut-down, maintenance, diagnostic, and safety procedures to thermal system owners. | 核心 |
| Apply ultraviolet radiation protection to prevent degradation of plumbing. | 补充 |
0.59/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Perform routine maintenance or repairs to restore solar thermal systems to baseline operating conditions. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Apply operation or identification tags or labels to system components, as required. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Assess collector sites to ensure structural integrity of potential mounting surfaces or the best orientation and tilt for solar collectors. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Connect water heaters and storage tanks to power and water sources. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Fill water tanks and check tanks, pipes, and fittings for leaks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Identify plumbing, electrical, environmental, or safety hazards associated with solar thermal installations. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Install circulating pumps using pipe, fittings, soldering equipment, electrical supplies, and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install copper or plastic plumbing using pipes, fittings, pipe cutters, acetylene torches, solder, wire brushes, sand cloths, flux, plastic pipe cleaners, or plastic glue. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Install flat-plat, evacuated glass, or concentrating solar collectors on mounting devices, using brackets or struts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install heat exchangers and heat exchanger fluids according to installation manuals and schematics. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install monitoring system components, such as flow meters, temperature gauges, and pressure gauges, according to system design and manufacturer specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install plumbing, such as dip tubes, port fittings, drain tank valves, pressure temperature relief valves, or tanks, according to manufacturer specifications and building codes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install solar collector mounting devices on tile, asphalt, shingle, or built-up gravel roofs, using appropriate materials and penetration methods. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install solar thermal system controllers and sensors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test operation or functionality of mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and control systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Apply weather seal, such as pipe flashings and sealants, to roof penetrations and structural devices. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut, miter, and glue piping insulation to insulate plumbing pipes and fittings. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Apply ultraviolet radiation protection to prevent degradation of plumbing. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 47-2152 组（Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 511K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 545K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +6.8%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $63,800
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 79290 | 그 외 배관공 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7126Plumbers and Pipe Fitters
管道工和管道装配工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install, repair and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts and related fittings and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage, heating cooling and ventilation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.
任务
- (a) examining blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the layout of plumbing and ventilation systems and materials required;
- (b) measuring, cutting, threading, bending, jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining and repairing pipes, fittings and fixtures of drainage, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems;
- (c) installing gas appliances, dishwashers and water heaters, sinks and toilets using hand and power tools;
- (d) laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in ditches to form sewers, drains or water mains, or for other purposes;
- (e) inspecting, examining and testing installed systems and pipes, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation or other methods.
职业示例
Drain technician · Gas fitter · Pipe fitter · Pipe layer · Plumber · Ventilation pipe fitter
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- solar energy technicianESCO 7411.1.4本职业范围更窄
Solar energy technicians install and maintain systems that collect solar energy. They prepare the necessary fixtures, often on roofs, install solar panels, and plug them into an electronic system including an inverter to connect the solar energy systems to the electricity lines.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1610 | Installateur mainteneur / Installatrice mainteneuse en systèmes solaires, thermiques et photovoltaïques | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| F1620 | Installateur / Installatrice chauffage et climatisation | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7294 | Montadores-instaladores de placas de energía solar | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 34212 | Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 26242 | Berufe in der regenerativen Energietechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 666 | 配管従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 669 | その他の建設従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源