Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Construction and Extraction Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
47-2152.00

Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.012

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.18

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 36 项工作

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 5 项（16.7%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 47-2152.01 Pipe Fitters and Steamfitters; 47-2152.02 Plumbers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Prepare cost estimates for clients.

47-2152.01

0.018948.90.003934.3
Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.

47-2152.01

0.005514.20.001815.7
Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.

47-2152.02

0.004511.6—0
Compile information on governmental incentive programs related to the installation of energy or water saving plumbing systems or devices.

47-2152.02

0.00307.8—0
Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.

47-2152.02

0.00266.70.005750.0
Calculate costs or savings for water- or energy-efficient appliances or systems.

47-2152.02

0.00225.6—0
Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.

47-2152.02

0.00205.1—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（30 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.核心
Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.核心
Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.核心
Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.核心
Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.核心
Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.核心
Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.核心
Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.核心
Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.核心
Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.核心
Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.核心
Keep records of work assignments.核心
Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.核心
Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.核心
Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.核心
Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.核心
Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.核心
Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.核心
Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.核心
Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.核心
Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.核心
Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.核心
Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.核心
Repair or remove and replace system components.核心
Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.补充
Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.补充
Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.补充
Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.补充
Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.补充
Repair hydraulic or air pumps.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

这些数值属于整个 SOC 47-2152 组（Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。

就业人数，2025
511K
预计就业人数，2035
545K
变化 (2025–35)
+6.8%
年薪中位数，2025
$63,800
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
79211상·하수 배관공本职业范围更宽已确认
79212가스 배관공本职业范围更宽已确认
79221플랜트 배관공本职业范围更宽已确认
79222선박 배관공本职业范围更宽已确认
79223항공기 배관공本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7126Plumbers and Pipe Fitters

    管道工和管道装配工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install, repair and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts and related fittings and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage, heating cooling and ventilation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.

任务

  • (a) examining blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the layout of plumbing and ventilation systems and materials required;
  • (b) measuring, cutting, threading, bending, jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining and repairing pipes, fittings and fixtures of drainage, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems;
  • (c) installing gas appliances, dishwashers and water heaters, sinks and toilets using hand and power tools;
  • (d) laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in ditches to form sewers, drains or water mains, or for other purposes;
  • (e) inspecting, examining and testing installed systems and pipes, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation or other methods.

职业示例

Drain technician · Gas fitter · Pipe fitter · Pipe layer · Plumber · Ventilation pipe fitter

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • plumberESCO 7126.8本职业范围更宽

    Plumbers maintain and install water, gas and sewage systems. They inspect pipes and fixtures on a regular basis or make repairs as needed. They bend, cut, and install pipes. They test systems and make adjustments safely and following regulations. They place sanitary equipment.

  • sprinkler fitterESCO 7126.12本职业范围更宽

    Sprinkler fitters are responsible for the installation of fire protection systems that sprinkle water. They connect pipes, tubing and the necessary accessories. Sprinkler system installers also test the systems for leaks.

  • pipe welderESCO 7212.3.3有重叠，但不相同

    Pipe welders assemble and install parts and components of pipelines for the transport of goods such as water, steam and chemicals through them. They interpret specs such as pneumatics, hydraulics, for installation on site according to the safety and production requirements.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
F1603Plombier / Plombière sanitaire本职业范围更宽暂定
H2914Tuyauteur / Tuyauteuse本职业范围更宽暂定
F1620Installateur / Installatrice chauffage et climatisation有重叠，但不相同暂定
K2314Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance de systèmes d'irrigation相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7221Fontaneros范围相同暂定
7222Montadores-instaladores de gas en edificios本职业范围更宽暂定
7250Mecánicos-instaladores de refrigeración y climatización相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
34212Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
34302Berufe in der Ver- und Entsorgung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
34322Berufe im Rohrleitungsbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
666配管従事者范围相同暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源