Roofers

Construction and Extraction Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
47-2181.00

Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.016

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.13

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（7.1%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 3 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.

47-2181.00

0.0048100.00.0049100.0
Not observed on any surface — 27 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
—0—0
Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
—0—0
Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
—0—0
Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
—0—0
Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.
—0—0
Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
—0—0
Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.
—0—0
Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
—0—0
Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
—0—0
Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.
—0—0
Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
—0—0
Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.
—0—0
Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.
—0—0
Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
—0—0
Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.
—0—0
Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.
—0—0
Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
—0—0
Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
—0—0
Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
—0—0
Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
—0—0
Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
—0—0
Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.
—0—0
Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.
—0—0
Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
—0—0
Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.
—0—0
Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
—0—0
Install solar roofing systems that have energy-collecting photovoltaic panels built into roofing membranes, shingles, or tiles.
—0—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.核心
Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.核心
Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.核心
Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.核心
Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.核心
Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.核心
Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.核心
Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.核心
Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.核心
Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.核心
Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.核心
Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.核心
Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.核心
Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.核心
Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.核心
Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.核心
Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.核心
Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.核心
Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.核心
Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.核心
Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.补充
Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.补充
Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.补充
Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.补充
Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
167K
预计就业人数，2035
176K
变化 (2025–35)
+5.3%
年薪中位数，2025
$55,440
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
78399그 외 건축 마감 관련 기능 종사원本职业范围更窄已确认
78320방수공有重叠，但不相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7121Roofers

    屋面工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Roofers build and repair roofs on all types of buildings using one or more kinds of material.

任务

  • (a) studying drawings, specifications and construction sites to determine materials required;
  • (b) covering roof frameworks with slate and pre-fabricated tiles to cover pitched roofs;
  • (c) laying a waterproof shield and fixing metallic or synthetic materials to a building’s frame;
  • (d) sizing and cutting roofing materials to fit around edges, corners and protuberances such as chimneys;
  • (e) using natural materials such as thatching to provide roof coverings;
  • (f) creating temporary structures such as scaffolding and ladders.

职业示例

Asphalt roofer · Metal roofer · Roof fixer · Roof tiler · Slate roofer · Thatcher

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • rooferESCO 7121.1范围相同

    Roofers cover structures with roofs. They install the weight-bearing elements of a roof, either flat or pitched, then cover it with a weatherproof layer.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
F1619Couvreur / Couvreuse范围相同暂定
F1613Etancheur / Etancheuse有重叠，但不相同暂定
F1610Installateur mainteneur / Installatrice mainteneuse en systèmes solaires, thermiques et photovoltaïques相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7291Montadores de cubiertas范围相同暂定
7193Instaladores de sistemas de impermeabilización en edificios相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
32142Berufe in der Dachdeckerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten范围相同暂定
33233Berufe in der Bauwerksabdichtung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应
33232Berufe in der Bauwerksabdichtung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
663屋根ふき従事者本职业范围更宽
526板金従事者相关，但不对应
669その他の建設従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源