Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators

O*NET-SOC 代码: 47-4061.00

Lay, repair, and maintain track for standard or narrow-gauge railroad equipment used in regular railroad service or in plant yards, quarries, sand and gravel pits, and mines. Includes ballast cleaning machine operators and railroad bed tamping machine operators.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.09
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Patrol assigned track sections so that damaged or broken track can be located and reported. O*NET Task ID 13643	0.0
Clean tracks or clear ice or snow from tracks or switch boxes. O*NET Task ID 13644	0.0
Repair or adjust track switches, using wrenches and replacement parts. O*NET Task ID 13645	0.0
Lubricate machines, change oil, or fill hydraulic reservoirs to specified levels. O*NET Task ID 13646	0.0
Dress and reshape worn or damaged railroad switch points or frogs, using portable power grinders. O*NET Task ID 13647	0.0
Cut rails to specified lengths, using rail saws. O*NET Task ID 13648	0.0
Raise rails, using hydraulic jacks, to allow for tie removal and replacement. O*NET Task ID 13649	0.0
Adjust controls of machines that spread, shape, raise, level, or align track, according to specifications. O*NET Task ID 13650	0.0
Drill holes through rails, tie plates, or fishplates for insertion of bolts or spikes, using power drills. O*NET Task ID 13651	0.0
Grind ends of new or worn rails to attain smooth joints, using portable grinders. O*NET Task ID 13652	0.0
Operate track wrenches to tighten or loosen bolts at joints that hold ends of rails together. O*NET Task ID 13653	0.0
Observe leveling indicator arms to verify levelness and alignment of tracks. O*NET Task ID 13654	0.0
Operate single- or multiple-head spike driving machines to drive spikes into ties and secure rails. O*NET Task ID 13655	0.0
Engage mechanisms that lay tracks or rails to specified gauges. O*NET Task ID 13656	0.0
Clean or make minor repairs to machines or equipment. O*NET Task ID 13657	0.0
Clean, grade, or level ballast on railroad tracks. O*NET Task ID 13658	0.0
Drive graders, tamping machines, brooms, or ballast spreading machines to redistribute gravel or ballast between rails. O*NET Task ID 13659	0.0
Operate single- or multiple-head spike pullers to pull old spikes from ties. O*NET Task ID 13660	0.0
Drive vehicles that automatically move and lay tracks or rails over sections of track to be constructed, repaired, or maintained. O*NET Task ID 13661	0.0
Turn wheels of machines, using lever controls, to adjust guidelines for track alignments or grades, following specifications. O*NET Task ID 13662	0.0
Spray ties, fishplates, or joints with oil to protect them from weathering. O*NET Task ID 13663	0.0
Push controls to close grasping devices on track or rail sections so that they can be raised or moved. O*NET Task ID 13664	0.0
String and attach wire-guidelines machine to rails so that tracks or rails can be aligned or leveled. O*NET Task ID 13665	0.0
Operate tie-adzing machines to cut ties and permit insertion of fishplates that hold rails. O*NET Task ID 13666	0.0
Paint railroad signs, such as speed limits or gate-crossing warnings. O*NET Task ID 13667	0.0
Weld sections of track together, such as switch points and frogs. O*NET Task ID 20798	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Patrol assigned track sections so that damaged or broken track can be located and reported.	核心
Clean tracks or clear ice or snow from tracks or switch boxes.	核心
Repair or adjust track switches, using wrenches and replacement parts.	核心
Lubricate machines, change oil, or fill hydraulic reservoirs to specified levels.	核心
Dress and reshape worn or damaged railroad switch points or frogs, using portable power grinders.	核心
Cut rails to specified lengths, using rail saws.	核心
Raise rails, using hydraulic jacks, to allow for tie removal and replacement.	核心
Drill holes through rails, tie plates, or fishplates for insertion of bolts or spikes, using power drills.	核心
Grind ends of new or worn rails to attain smooth joints, using portable grinders.	核心
Operate track wrenches to tighten or loosen bolts at joints that hold ends of rails together.	核心
Observe leveling indicator arms to verify levelness and alignment of tracks.	核心
Operate single- or multiple-head spike driving machines to drive spikes into ties and secure rails.	核心
Engage mechanisms that lay tracks or rails to specified gauges.	核心
Clean or make minor repairs to machines or equipment.	核心
Clean, grade, or level ballast on railroad tracks.	核心
Operate single- or multiple-head spike pullers to pull old spikes from ties.	核心
Drive vehicles that automatically move and lay tracks or rails over sections of track to be constructed, repaired, or maintained.	核心
Spray ties, fishplates, or joints with oil to protect them from weathering.	核心
Push controls to close grasping devices on track or rail sections so that they can be raised or moved.	核心
String and attach wire-guidelines machine to rails so that tracks or rails can be aligned or leveled.	核心
Weld sections of track together, such as switch points and frogs.	核心
Adjust controls of machines that spread, shape, raise, level, or align track, according to specifications.	补充
Drive graders, tamping machines, brooms, or ballast spreading machines to redistribute gravel or ballast between rails.	补充
Turn wheels of machines, using lever controls, to adjust guidelines for track alignments or grades, following specifications.	补充
Operate tie-adzing machines to cut ties and permit insertion of fishplates that hold rails.	补充
Paint railroad signs, such as speed limits or gate-crossing warnings.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

1.21/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Patrol assigned track sections so that damaged or broken track can be located and reported.	E2 受管理的设施
Clean tracks or clear ice or snow from tracks or switch boxes.	E0 机器人不可
Repair or adjust track switches, using wrenches and replacement parts.	E1 机器人专用设施
Lubricate machines, change oil, or fill hydraulic reservoirs to specified levels.	E1 机器人专用设施
Dress and reshape worn or damaged railroad switch points or frogs, using portable power grinders.	E1 机器人专用设施
Cut rails to specified lengths, using rail saws.	E1 机器人专用设施
Raise rails, using hydraulic jacks, to allow for tie removal and replacement.	E1 机器人专用设施
Adjust controls of machines that spread, shape, raise, level, or align track, according to specifications.	E2 受管理的设施
Drill holes through rails, tie plates, or fishplates for insertion of bolts or spikes, using power drills.	E1 机器人专用设施
Grind ends of new or worn rails to attain smooth joints, using portable grinders.	E2 受管理的设施
Operate track wrenches to tighten or loosen bolts at joints that hold ends of rails together.	E1 机器人专用设施
Observe leveling indicator arms to verify levelness and alignment of tracks.	E2 受管理的设施
Operate single- or multiple-head spike driving machines to drive spikes into ties and secure rails.	E1 机器人专用设施
Clean or make minor repairs to machines or equipment.	E0 机器人不可
Clean, grade, or level ballast on railroad tracks.	E2 受管理的设施
Operate single- or multiple-head spike pullers to pull old spikes from ties.	E0 机器人不可
Weld sections of track together, such as switch points and frogs.	E1 机器人专用设施
Engage mechanisms that lay tracks or rails to specified gauges.	E1 机器人专用设施
Drive graders, tamping machines, brooms, or ballast spreading machines to redistribute gravel or ballast between rails.	E1 机器人专用设施
Drive vehicles that automatically move and lay tracks or rails over sections of track to be constructed, repaired, or maintained.	E1 机器人专用设施
Turn wheels of machines, using lever controls, to adjust guidelines for track alignments or grades, following specifications.	E3 非结构化环境
Spray ties, fishplates, or joints with oil to protect them from weathering.	E2 受管理的设施
Push controls to close grasping devices on track or rail sections so that they can be raised or moved.	E1 机器人专用设施
String and attach wire-guidelines machine to rails so that tracks or rails can be aligned or leveled.	E2 受管理的设施
Operate tie-adzing machines to cut ties and permit insertion of fishplates that hold rails.	E1 机器人专用设施
Paint railroad signs, such as speed limits or gate-crossing warnings.	E1 机器人专用设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 17K
预计就业人数，2035: 18K
变化 (2025–35): +1.5%
年薪中位数，2025: $70,070
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
78421	철로 설치원	本职业范围更宽	已确认
78422	철로 보수원	本职业范围更宽	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 9312Civil Engineering Labourers
土木工程辅助工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Civil engineering labourers perform routine tasks in connection with the building and maintenance of roads, railways, dams and other civil engineering projects.

任务

(a) digging and filling holes and trenches using hand held tools;
(b) shovelling and spreading gravel and related materials;
(c) trimming and cutting rocks and concrete and bitumen surfaces using jack-hammers;
(d) loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and equipment and transporting them around construction sites using wheelbarrows and hand trucks;
(e) cleaning worksites and removing obstructions.

职业示例

Construction labourer (civil engineering) · Earthmoving labourer · Maintenance labourer (dams)

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

rail maintenance technicianESCO 3112.1.10范围相同
Rail maintenance technicians execute routine inspections of railway tracks, powerlines, signage stations, switches, and other railway infrastructure. They are also sent out to repair defects quickly, safely, and at any time of the day or night.
rail layerESCO 9312.1.2本职业范围更宽
Rail layers construct railway tracks on prepared sites. They monitor equipment that sets railroad sleepers or ties, usually on a layer of crushed stone or ballast. Rail layers then lay the rail tracks on top of the sleepers and attach them to make sure the rails have a constant gauge, or distance to each other. These operations are usually done with a single moving machine, but may be performed manually.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
F1711	Poseur / Poseuse de voies ferrées	范围相同

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
8331	Operadores de maquinaria de movimientos de tierras y equipos similares	相关，但不对应
9601	Peones de obras públicas	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
32232	Berufe im Gleisbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更窄
51222	Berufe in der Überwachung und Wartung der Eisenbahninfrastruktur - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应
32233	Berufe im Gleisbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
682	鉄道線路工事従事者	范围相同
645	建設・さく井機械運転従事者	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源