First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 49-1011.00
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. May also advise customers on recommended services. Excludes team or work leaders.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.102
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.13–0.25· ISCO-08 职业组 11 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7127Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics0.21
- ISCO-08 7231Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Repairers0.18
- ISCO-08 7232Aircraft Engine Mechanics and Repairers0.19
- ISCO-08 7233Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers0.17
- ISCO-08 7234Bicycle and Related Repairers0.13
- ISCO-08 7311Precision-instrument Makers and Repairers0.21
- ISCO-08 7312Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners0.14
- ISCO-08 7412Electrical Mechanics and Fitters0.17
- ISCO-08 7413Electrical Line Installers and Repairers0.15
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers0.25
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers0.24
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 18 项工作已评分任务 22 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 18 项（81.8%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Develop or implement electronic maintenance programs or computer information management systems.49-1011.00 | 0.007447.1 | 0.024590.5 |
Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs.49-1011.00 | 0.004629.3 | 0.00269.5 |
Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel.49-1011.00 | 0.001912.1 | —0 |
Counsel employees about work-related issues and assist employees to correct job-skill deficiencies.49-1011.00 | 0.001811.5 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Develop or implement electronic maintenance programs or computer information management systems.O*NET Task ID 2931 | 1.0 |
Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel.O*NET Task ID 2912 | 0.5 |
Monitor employees' work levels and review work performance.O*NET Task ID 2914 | 0.5 |
Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs.O*NET Task ID 2915 | 0.5 |
Participate in budget preparation and administration, coordinating purchasing and documentation and monitoring departmental expenditures.O*NET Task ID 2916 | 0.5 |
Counsel employees about work-related issues and assist employees to correct job-skill deficiencies.O*NET Task ID 2917 | 0.5 |
Requisition materials and supplies, such as tools, equipment, or replacement parts.O*NET Task ID 2918 | 0.5 |
Compute estimates and actual costs of factors such as materials, labor, or outside contractors.O*NET Task ID 2919 | 0.5 |
Interpret specifications, blueprints, or job orders to construct templates and lay out reference points for workers.O*NET Task ID 2920 | 0.5 |
Conduct or arrange for worker training in safety, repair, or maintenance techniques, operational procedures, or equipment use.O*NET Task ID 2921 | 0.5 |
Investigate accidents or injuries and prepare reports of findings.O*NET Task ID 2922 | 0.5 |
Recommend or initiate personnel actions, such as hires, promotions, transfers, discharges, or disciplinary measures.O*NET Task ID 2924 | 0.5 |
Compile operational or personnel records, such as time and production records, inventory data, repair or maintenance statistics, or test results.O*NET Task ID 2926 | 0.5 |
Develop, implement, or evaluate maintenance policies and procedures.O*NET Task ID 2927 | 0.5 |
Meet with vendors or suppliers to discuss products used in repair work.O*NET Task ID 2930 | 0.5 |
Design equipment configurations to meet personnel needs.O*NET Task ID 2932 | 0.5 |
Monitor tool and part inventories and the condition and maintenance of shops to ensure adequate working conditions.O*NET Task ID 15262 | 0.5 |
Review, evaluate, accept, and coordinate completion of work bid from contractors.O*NET Task ID 15264 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（22 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel. | 核心 |
| Monitor employees' work levels and review work performance. | 核心 |
| Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs. | 核心 |
| Counsel employees about work-related issues and assist employees to correct job-skill deficiencies. | 核心 |
| Requisition materials and supplies, such as tools, equipment, or replacement parts. | 核心 |
| Compute estimates and actual costs of factors such as materials, labor, or outside contractors. | 核心 |
| Interpret specifications, blueprints, or job orders to construct templates and lay out reference points for workers. | 核心 |
| Conduct or arrange for worker training in safety, repair, or maintenance techniques, operational procedures, or equipment use. | 核心 |
| Investigate accidents or injuries and prepare reports of findings. | 核心 |
| Confer with personnel, such as management, engineering, quality control, customer, or union workers' representatives, to coordinate work activities, resolve employee grievances, or identify and review resource needs. | 核心 |
| Recommend or initiate personnel actions, such as hires, promotions, transfers, discharges, or disciplinary measures. | 核心 |
| Perform skilled repair or maintenance operations, using equipment such as hand or power tools, hydraulic presses or shears, or welding equipment. | 核心 |
| Develop, implement, or evaluate maintenance policies and procedures. | 核心 |
| Inspect, test, and measure completed work, using devices such as hand tools or gauges to verify conformance to standards or repair requirements. | 核心 |
| Meet with vendors or suppliers to discuss products used in repair work. | 核心 |
| Monitor tool and part inventories and the condition and maintenance of shops to ensure adequate working conditions. | 核心 |
| Inspect and monitor work areas, examine tools and equipment, and provide employee safety training to prevent, detect, and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules. | 核心 |
| Participate in budget preparation and administration, coordinating purchasing and documentation and monitoring departmental expenditures. | 补充 |
| Compile operational or personnel records, such as time and production records, inventory data, repair or maintenance statistics, or test results. | 补充 |
| Develop or implement electronic maintenance programs or computer information management systems. | 补充 |
| Design equipment configurations to meet personnel needs. | 补充 |
| Review, evaluate, accept, and coordinate completion of work bid from contractors. | 补充 |
0.21/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Interpret specifications, blueprints, or job orders to construct templates and lay out reference points for workers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform skilled repair or maintenance operations, using equipment such as hand or power tools, hydraulic presses or shears, or welding equipment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inspect, test, and measure completed work, using devices such as hand tools or gauges to verify conformance to standards or repair requirements. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor tool and part inventories and the condition and maintenance of shops to ensure adequate working conditions. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Inspect and monitor work areas, examine tools and equipment, and provide employee safety training to prevent, detect, and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 629K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 655K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.1%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $79,860
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14902 | 수리 및 정비 관련 관리자 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7127Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics
空调和制冷机械工
- ISCO-08 7231Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Repairers
汽车机械工和维修工
- ISCO-08 7232Aircraft Engine Mechanics and Repairers
航空发动机机械工和维修工
- ISCO-08 7233Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
农业和工业机械机械工及维修工
- ISCO-08 7234Bicycle and Related Repairers
自行车及有关维修工
- ISCO-08 7311Precision-instrument Makers and Repairers
精密仪器制造工和维修工
- ISCO-08 7312Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners
乐器制作工和调音师
- ISCO-08 7412Electrical Mechanics and Fitters
电气机械工和装配工
- ISCO-08 7413Electrical Line Installers and Repairers
电力线路安装工和维修工
- ISCO-08 7421Electronics Mechanics and Servicers
电子机械工和维修服务工
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers
信息和通信技术安装及维修服务工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- garage managerESCO 1439.3本职业范围更宽
Garage managers oversee the work of road vehicle mechanics and administrative personnel. They organise the daily work and deal with clients.
- industrial maintenance supervisorESCO 3115.1.6本职业范围更宽
Industrial maintenance supervisors organise and supervise the activities and maintenance operations of machines, systems and equipment. They ensure inspections are done according to health, safety and environmental standards, and productivity and quality requirements.
- precision mechanics supervisorESCO 3122.4.15本职业范围更宽
Precision mechanics supervisors oversee, train and manage workers who fit together complex parts of small-size machines such as measuring or control mechanisms.
- vehicle maintenance supervisorESCO 7231.9本职业范围更宽
Vehicle maintenance supervisors assume responsibility for the day-to-day operation of a service station.
- water conservation technician supervisorESCO 3123.1.26本职业范围更宽
Water conservation technician supervisors supervise the installation of systems to recover, filter, store and distribute water from different sources such as rainwater and domestic greywater. They assign tasks and take quick decisions.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| I1102 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de maintenance industrielle | 本职业范围更宽 |
| I1111 | Responsable technique après-vente des véhicules | 本职业范围更宽 |
| I1113 | Chef / Cheffe d'équipe atelier en démontage recyclage de VHU (Véhicules hors d'usage) | 本职业范围更宽 |
| I1410 | Responsable Service Après-Vente -SAV- en électroménager | 本职业范围更宽 |
| I1103 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier après-vente des véhicules (auto, moto, VTR) | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1105 | Responsable de maintenance et d'exploitation | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1107 | Responsable d'atelier de mécanique parcs et jardins | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1108 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier engins de chantier | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1110 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier machines agricoles | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1112 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier engins de levage et de manutention | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1117 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier après-vente cycles | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1118 | Responsable de site SMAVA (service multimarques de l'après-vente automobile) | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1206 | Chef / Cheffe d'équipe en mobilier urbain et publicitaire | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1326 | Responsable d'équipe maintenance | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1332 | Chef / Cheffe d'atelier de maintenance industrielle | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1862 | Responsable d'exploitation fibre optique | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1106 | Responsable de maintenance réseaux des territoires connectés | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1115 | Responsable de site(s) de vente et de réparation cycles | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1121 | Ingénieur de maintenance / Ingénieure de maintenance | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1610 | Responsable atelier carrosserie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3209 | Supervisores de otras industrias manufactureras | 相关，但不对应 |
| 7403 | Mecánicos y ajustadores de maquinaria agrícola e industrial | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 25193 | Aufsichtskräfte - Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 34293 | Aufsichtskräfte - Klempnerei, Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93693 | Aufsichtskräfte - Musikinstrumentenbau | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 25293 | Aufsichtskräfte - Fahrzeug-, Luft-, Raumfahrt- und Schiffbautechnik | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 26393 | Aufsichtskräfte - Elektrotechnik | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 24593 | Aufsichtskräfte - Feinwerk- und Werkzeugtechnik | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 25194 | Führungskräfte - Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 51193 | Aufsichtskräfte - Technischer Betrieb im Eisenbahn-, Luft- und Schiffsverkehr | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 552 | 電気機械器具整備・修理従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 553 | 自動車整備・修理従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源