Automotive Body and Related Repairers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 49-3021.00
Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.18
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 25 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（8.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Remove damaged panels, and identify the family and properties of the plastic used on a vehicle.O*NET Task ID 2945 | 0.5 |
Review damage reports, prepare or review repair cost estimates, and plan work to be performed.O*NET Task ID 2946 | 0.5 |
File, grind, sand, and smooth filled or repaired surfaces, using power tools and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 2933 | 0.0 |
Sand body areas to be painted and cover bumpers, windows, and trim with masking tape or paper to protect them from the paint.O*NET Task ID 2934 | 0.0 |
Follow supervisors' instructions as to which parts to restore or replace and how much time the job should take.O*NET Task ID 2935 | 0.0 |
Remove damaged sections of vehicles using metal-cutting guns, air grinders and wrenches, and install replacement parts using wrenches or welding equipment.O*NET Task ID 2936 | 0.0 |
Cut and tape plastic separating film to outside repair areas to avoid damaging surrounding surfaces during repair procedure and remove tape and wash surfaces after repairs are complete.O*NET Task ID 2937 | 0.0 |
Prime and paint repaired surfaces, using paint sprayguns and motorized sanders.O*NET Task ID 2938 | 0.0 |
Mix polyester resins and hardeners to be used in restoring damaged areas.O*NET Task ID 2940 | 0.0 |
Chain or clamp frames and sections to alignment machines that use hydraulic pressure to align damaged components.O*NET Task ID 2941 | 0.0 |
Fill small dents that cannot be worked out with plastic or solder.O*NET Task ID 2942 | 0.0 |
Fit and weld replacement parts into place, using wrenches and welding equipment, and grind down welds to smooth them, using power grinders and other tools.O*NET Task ID 2943 | 0.0 |
Position dolly blocks against surfaces of dented areas and beat opposite surfaces to remove dents, using hammers.O*NET Task ID 2944 | 0.0 |
Remove small pits and dimples in body metal, using pick hammers and punches.O*NET Task ID 2947 | 0.0 |
Remove upholstery, accessories, electrical window-and-seat-operating equipment, and trim to gain access to vehicle bodies and fenders.O*NET Task ID 2948 | 0.0 |
Clean work areas, using air hoses, to remove damaged material and discarded fiberglass strips used in repair procedures.O*NET Task ID 2949 | 0.0 |
Adjust or align headlights, wheels, and brake systems.O*NET Task ID 2950 | 0.0 |
Apply heat to plastic panels, using hot-air welding guns or immersion in hot water, and press the softened panels back into shape by hand.O*NET Task ID 2951 | 0.0 |
Soak fiberglass matting in resin mixtures and apply layers of matting over repair areas to specified thicknesses.O*NET Task ID 2952 | 0.0 |
Cut openings in vehicle bodies for the installation of customized windows, using templates and power shears or chisels.O*NET Task ID 2953 | 0.0 |
Fit and secure windows, vinyl roofs, and metal trim to vehicle bodies, using caulking guns, adhesive brushes, and mallets.O*NET Task ID 2954 | 0.0 |
Read specifications or confer with customers to determine the desired custom modifications for altering the appearance of vehicles.O*NET Task ID 2955 | 0.0 |
Replace damaged glass on vehicles.O*NET Task ID 2956 | 0.0 |
Measure and mark vinyl material and cut material to size for roof installation, using rules, straightedges, and hand shears.O*NET Task ID 2957 | 0.0 |
Inspect repaired vehicles for proper functioning, completion of work, dimensional accuracy, and overall appearance of paint job, and test-drive vehicles to ensure proper alignment and handling.O*NET Task ID 18580 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| File, grind, sand, and smooth filled or repaired surfaces, using power tools and hand tools. | 核心 |
| Sand body areas to be painted and cover bumpers, windows, and trim with masking tape or paper to protect them from the paint. | 核心 |
| Follow supervisors' instructions as to which parts to restore or replace and how much time the job should take. | 核心 |
| Remove damaged sections of vehicles using metal-cutting guns, air grinders and wrenches, and install replacement parts using wrenches or welding equipment. | 核心 |
| Cut and tape plastic separating film to outside repair areas to avoid damaging surrounding surfaces during repair procedure and remove tape and wash surfaces after repairs are complete. | 核心 |
| Prime and paint repaired surfaces, using paint sprayguns and motorized sanders. | 核心 |
| Mix polyester resins and hardeners to be used in restoring damaged areas. | 核心 |
| Chain or clamp frames and sections to alignment machines that use hydraulic pressure to align damaged components. | 核心 |
| Fill small dents that cannot be worked out with plastic or solder. | 核心 |
| Fit and weld replacement parts into place, using wrenches and welding equipment, and grind down welds to smooth them, using power grinders and other tools. | 核心 |
| Position dolly blocks against surfaces of dented areas and beat opposite surfaces to remove dents, using hammers. | 核心 |
| Remove damaged panels, and identify the family and properties of the plastic used on a vehicle. | 核心 |
| Review damage reports, prepare or review repair cost estimates, and plan work to be performed. | 核心 |
| Remove small pits and dimples in body metal, using pick hammers and punches. | 核心 |
| Remove upholstery, accessories, electrical window-and-seat-operating equipment, and trim to gain access to vehicle bodies and fenders. | 核心 |
| Clean work areas, using air hoses, to remove damaged material and discarded fiberglass strips used in repair procedures. | 核心 |
| Adjust or align headlights, wheels, and brake systems. | 核心 |
| Apply heat to plastic panels, using hot-air welding guns or immersion in hot water, and press the softened panels back into shape by hand. | 核心 |
| Soak fiberglass matting in resin mixtures and apply layers of matting over repair areas to specified thicknesses. | 核心 |
| Fit and secure windows, vinyl roofs, and metal trim to vehicle bodies, using caulking guns, adhesive brushes, and mallets. | 核心 |
| Replace damaged glass on vehicles. | 核心 |
| Inspect repaired vehicles for proper functioning, completion of work, dimensional accuracy, and overall appearance of paint job, and test-drive vehicles to ensure proper alignment and handling. | 核心 |
| Cut openings in vehicle bodies for the installation of customized windows, using templates and power shears or chisels. | 补充 |
| Read specifications or confer with customers to determine the desired custom modifications for altering the appearance of vehicles. | 补充 |
| Measure and mark vinyl material and cut material to size for roof installation, using rules, straightedges, and hand shears. | 补充 |
0.48/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| File, grind, sand, and smooth filled or repaired surfaces, using power tools and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sand body areas to be painted and cover bumpers, windows, and trim with masking tape or paper to protect them from the paint. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove damaged sections of vehicles using metal-cutting guns, air grinders and wrenches, and install replacement parts using wrenches or welding equipment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Cut and tape plastic separating film to outside repair areas to avoid damaging surrounding surfaces during repair procedure and remove tape and wash surfaces after repairs are complete. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Prime and paint repaired surfaces, using paint sprayguns and motorized sanders. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix polyester resins and hardeners to be used in restoring damaged areas. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Chain or clamp frames and sections to alignment machines that use hydraulic pressure to align damaged components. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Fill small dents that cannot be worked out with plastic or solder. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fit and weld replacement parts into place, using wrenches and welding equipment, and grind down welds to smooth them, using power grinders and other tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position dolly blocks against surfaces of dented areas and beat opposite surfaces to remove dents, using hammers. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove damaged panels, and identify the family and properties of the plastic used on a vehicle. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove small pits and dimples in body metal, using pick hammers and punches. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove upholstery, accessories, electrical window-and-seat-operating equipment, and trim to gain access to vehicle bodies and fenders. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Clean work areas, using air hoses, to remove damaged material and discarded fiberglass strips used in repair procedures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust or align headlights, wheels, and brake systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Apply heat to plastic panels, using hot-air welding guns or immersion in hot water, and press the softened panels back into shape by hand. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Soak fiberglass matting in resin mixtures and apply layers of matting over repair areas to specified thicknesses. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fit and secure windows, vinyl roofs, and metal trim to vehicle bodies, using caulking guns, adhesive brushes, and mallets. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Replace damaged glass on vehicles. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inspect repaired vehicles for proper functioning, completion of work, dimensional accuracy, and overall appearance of paint job, and test-drive vehicles to ensure proper alignment and handling. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut openings in vehicle bodies for the installation of customized windows, using templates and power shears or chisels. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure and mark vinyl material and cut material to size for roof installation, using rules, straightedges, and hand shears. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 163K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 169K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +3.7%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $54,890
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75104 | 자동차 판금 및 도장 정비원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7231Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Repairers
汽车机械工和维修工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers fit, install, maintain, service and repair engines and the mechanical and related equipment of passenger cars, delivery trucks, motorcycles and other motor vehicles.
任务
- (a) detecting and diagnosing faults in engines and parts;
- (b) fitting, examining, testing and servicing motor vehicle and motorcycle engines;
- (c) replacing engine components or complete engines;
- (d) fitting, examining, adjusting, dismantling, rebuilding and replacing defective parts of motor vehicles;
- (e) installing or adjusting motors and brakes, and adjusting steering or other parts of motor vehicles;
- (f) installing, adjusting, servicing and replacing mechatronics components of motor vehicles;
- (g) performing scheduled maintenance services, such as oil changes, lubrications and engine tune-ups, to achieve smoother running of vehicles and ensure compliance with pollution regulations;
- (h) reassembling engines and parts after being repaired.
职业示例
Automotive brakes systems service technician · Diesel fitter (road transport) · Engine fitter (motor vehicle) · Garage mechanic · Moped repairer · Motorcycle mechanic · Motorized rickshaw mechanic · Motor vehicle engine and fuel systems service technician · Motor vehicle mechanic · Motor vehicle mechatronics service technician · Motor vehicle repairer · Motor vehicle service technician · Small engine mechanic
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- restoration technicianESCO 7231.5范围相同
Restoration technicians overhaul old and classic cars.
- vehicle glazierESCO 7125.2本职业范围更宽
Vehicle glaziers install glass in motor vehicles taking into account the automobile manufacturer specifications such as glass type, thickness, size and shape. They order and inspect windows for specific automobile models and prepare the damaged areas to install new glass.
- coachbuilderESCO 7231.2有重叠，但不相同
Coachbuilders execute work on vehicle bodies and coaches with skills to form body parts from panels, manufacture and assemble the frames and parts for vehicles.
- motor vehicle upholstererESCO 7534.3.3有重叠，但不相同
Motor vehicle upholsterers create manufacturing templates, manufacture and assemble interior components for cars, buses, trucks etc. They use power tools, hand tools and shop equipment to prepare and fasten materials. They also inspect incoming materials and prepare the vehicle interior for trim items.
- vehicle cleanerESCO 9122.1有重叠，但不相同
Vehicle cleaners clean and polish surfaces of external parts and interiors of vehicles.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| I1606 | Carrossier-peintre / Carrossière-peintre | 范围相同暂定 |
| I1621 | Tôlier / Tôlière en carrosserie automobile | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1625 | Débosseleur / Débosseleuse sans peinture | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1626 | Préparateur / Préparatrice en tôlerie automobile | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1614 | Préparateur / Préparatrice en peinture automobile | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7313 | Chapistas y caldereros | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 7232 | Pintores en las industrias manufactureras | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 25212 | Berufe in der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 553 | 自動車整備・修理従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 591 | 生産関連作業従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源