Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
49-9021.00

Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and heating stoves.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.019

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.21

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 45 项工作

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（13.3%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 49-9021.01 Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics and Installers; 49-9021.02 Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.

49-9021.01

0.005257.3
Insulate shells and cabinets of systems.

49-9021.02

0.003942.7

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（30 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.核心
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.核心
Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.核心
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.核心
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.核心
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.核心
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.核心
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.核心
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.核心
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.核心
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.核心
Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.核心
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.核心
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.核心
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.核心
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.核心
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.核心
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.核心
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.核心
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.核心
Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions.核心
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.核心
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.核心
Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock.核心
Supervise and instruct assistants.核心
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.核心
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.核心
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.核心
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants.核心
Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks.核心

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
441K
预计就业人数，2035
489K
变化 (2025–35)
+10.9%
年薪中位数，2025
$61,010
入职通常所需学历
Postsecondary nondegree award
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
75351건물용 냉동·냉장·공조기 설치 및 정비원本职业范围更宽已确认
75359그 외 냉동·냉장·공조기 설치 및 정비원本职业范围更宽已确认
75361건물용 보일러 설치 및 정비원本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7127Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics

    空调和制冷机械工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics assemble, install, maintain and repair air conditioning and refrigeration systems and equipment.

任务

  • (a) interpreting blueprints, drawings or other specifications;
  • (b) assembling, installing and repairing components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges for air conditioning and refrigeration systems;
  • (c) connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or brazing;
  • (d) testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or servicing.

职业示例

Air conditioning equipment mechanic · Refrigeration mechanic

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration engineering technicianESCO 3115.1.5有重叠，但不相同

    Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration engineering technicians aid in the design of devices which provide heating, ventilation, air conditioning and possibly refrigeration in buildings. They ensure the equipment complies with environmental standards. They handle hazardous materials used in the systems, and ensure safety precautions are in place.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
F1620Installateur / Installatrice chauffage et climatisation本职业范围更宽暂定
I1306Frigoriste本职业范围更宽暂定
I1308Chauffagiste本职业范围更宽暂定
I1316Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance Chauffage, Ventilation et Climatisation - CVC本职业范围更宽暂定
I1336Technicien / Technicienne froid embarqué routier本职业范围更宽暂定
F1621Ramoneur / Ramoneuse相关，但不对应
F1630Technicien / Technicienne de désenfumage相关，但不对应
I1325Technicien-cuisiniste / Technicienne-cuisiniste en cuisines professionnelles相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7250Mecánicos-instaladores de refrigeración y climatización范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
34232Berufe in der Kältetechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽
34212Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同
34213Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定
34222Berufe im Ofen- und Luftheizungsbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定
34233Berufe in der Kältetechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
551はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者相关，但不对应
666配管従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源