Maintenance Workers, Machinery
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 49-9043.00
Lubricate machinery, change parts, or perform other routine machinery maintenance.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 15 项工作已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（16.7%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record production, repair, and machine maintenance information.O*NET Task ID 11834 | 1.0 |
Read work orders and specifications to determine machines and equipment requiring repair or maintenance.O*NET Task ID 11835 | 1.0 |
Inventory and requisition machine parts, equipment, and other supplies so that stock can be maintained and replenished.O*NET Task ID 11838 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（18 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Reassemble machines after the completion of repair or maintenance work. | 核心 |
| Start machines and observe mechanical operation to determine efficiency and to detect problems. | 核心 |
| Inspect or test damaged machine parts, and mark defective areas or advise supervisors of repair needs. | 核心 |
| Lubricate or apply adhesives or other materials to machines, machine parts, or other equipment according to specified procedures. | 核心 |
| Install, replace, or change machine parts and attachments, according to production specifications. | 核心 |
| Dismantle machines and remove parts for repair, using hand tools, chain falls, jacks, cranes, or hoists. | 核心 |
| Record production, repair, and machine maintenance information. | 核心 |
| Read work orders and specifications to determine machines and equipment requiring repair or maintenance. | 核心 |
| Set up and operate machines, and adjust controls to regulate operations. | 核心 |
| Collaborate with other workers to repair or move machines, machine parts, or equipment. | 核心 |
| Inventory and requisition machine parts, equipment, and other supplies so that stock can be maintained and replenished. | 核心 |
| Transport machine parts, tools, equipment, and other material between work areas and storage, using cranes, hoists, or dollies. | 核心 |
| Collect and discard worn machine parts and other refuse to maintain machinery and work areas. | 核心 |
| Clean machines and machine parts, using cleaning solvents, cloths, air guns, hoses, vacuums, or other equipment. | 核心 |
| Replace or repair metal, wood, leather, glass, or other lining in machines, or in equipment compartments or containers. | 核心 |
| Remove hardened material from machines or machine parts, using abrasives, power and hand tools, jackhammers, sledgehammers, or other equipment. | 核心 |
| Replace, empty, or replenish machine and equipment containers such as gas tanks or boxes. | 核心 |
| Measure, mix, prepare, and test chemical solutions used to clean or repair machinery and equipment. | 补充 |
0.71/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Reassemble machines after the completion of repair or maintenance work. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Start machines and observe mechanical operation to determine efficiency and to detect problems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Inspect or test damaged machine parts, and mark defective areas or advise supervisors of repair needs. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Lubricate or apply adhesives or other materials to machines, machine parts, or other equipment according to specified procedures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install, replace, or change machine parts and attachments, according to production specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dismantle machines and remove parts for repair, using hand tools, chain falls, jacks, cranes, or hoists. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Set up and operate machines, and adjust controls to regulate operations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Collaborate with other workers to repair or move machines, machine parts, or equipment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inventory and requisition machine parts, equipment, and other supplies so that stock can be maintained and replenished. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Transport machine parts, tools, equipment, and other material between work areas and storage, using cranes, hoists, or dollies. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Collect and discard worn machine parts and other refuse to maintain machinery and work areas. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean machines and machine parts, using cleaning solvents, cloths, air guns, hoses, vacuums, or other equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Replace or repair metal, wood, leather, glass, or other lining in machines, or in equipment compartments or containers. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove hardened material from machines or machine parts, using abrasives, power and hand tools, jackhammers, sledgehammers, or other equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Replace, empty, or replenish machine and equipment containers such as gas tanks or boxes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure, mix, prepare, and test chemical solutions used to clean or repair machinery and equipment. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 60K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 59K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -1.9%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $60,850
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75320 | 공업기계 설치 및 정비원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7233Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
农业和工业机械机械工及维修工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install, examine, service and repair engines, agricultural and industrial machinery and mechanical equipment, except motor vehicle, aircraft and electric motors.
任务
- (a) fitting, installing, examining, servicing and repairing engines, machinery and mechanical equipment;
- (b) oiling and greasing stationary engines and machinery;
- (c) inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for conformity with standards and specifications;
- (d) disassembling machinery and equipment to remove parts and make repairs;
- (e) examining parts for defects such as breakage and excessive wear;
- (f) operating newly repaired machinery and equipment to verify the adequacy of repairs;
- (g) recording repairs and maintenance performed.
职业示例
Construction machinery mechanic · Construction machinery repairer · Farm machinery repairer · Mining machinery fitter · Mining machinery repairer · Stationary engine fitter · Stationary engine repairer · Train engine fitter · Train engine repairer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- greaserESCO 7233.6范围相同
Greasers make sure industrial machines are properly lubricated to maintain operations. They use grease guns to oil machines. Greasers also perform basic maintenance and repair duties.
- industrial machinery mechanicESCO 7233.7有重叠，但不相同
Industrial machinery mechanics work on new machinery and equipment in operation. They set up for the specific application and build accessories if necessary, perform maintenance and repair, and run diagnostics to find faults in systems or parts that need replacing.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| I1212 | Opérateur / Opératrice d'installation ou maintenance industrielle | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| I1310 | Mécanicien / Mécanicienne de maintenance industrielle | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7403 | Mecánicos y ajustadores de maquinaria agrícola e industrial | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 25101 | Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 25102 | Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源