Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 49-9063.00
Repair percussion, stringed, reed, or wind instruments. May specialize in one area, such as piano tuning.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.14
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 36 项工作已评分任务 37 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（2.7%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 13 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Inspect instruments to locate defects, and to determine their value or the level of restoration required.O*NET Task ID 11868 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（24 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Play instruments to evaluate their sound quality and to locate any defects. | 核心 |
| Adjust string tensions to tune instruments, using hand tools and electronic tuning devices. | 核心 |
| Disassemble instruments and parts for repair and adjustment. | 核心 |
| Inspect instruments to locate defects, and to determine their value or the level of restoration required. | 核心 |
| Repair cracks in wood or metal instruments, using pinning wire, lathes, fillers, clamps, or soldering irons. | 核心 |
| Reassemble instruments following repair, using hand tools and power tools and glue, hair, yarn, resin, or clamps, and lubricate instruments as necessary. | 核心 |
| Compare instrument pitches with tuning tool pitches to tune instruments. | 核心 |
| String instruments, and adjust trusses and bridges of instruments to obtain specified string tensions and heights. | 核心 |
| Repair or replace musical instrument parts and components, such as strings, bridges, felts, and keys, using hand and power tools. | 核心 |
| Polish instruments, using rags and polishing compounds, buffing wheels, or burnishing tools. | 核心 |
| Shape old parts and replacement parts to improve tone or intonation, using hand tools, lathes, or soldering irons. | 核心 |
| Mix and measure glue that will be used for instrument repair. | 核心 |
| Make wood replacement parts, using woodworking machines and hand tools. | 补充 |
| Align pads and keys on reed or wind instruments. | 补充 |
| Adjust felt hammers on pianos to increase tonal mellowness or brilliance, using sanding paddles, lacquer, or needles. | 补充 |
| Solder posts and parts to hold them in their proper places. | 补充 |
| Remove dents and burrs from metal instruments, using mallets and burnishing tools. | 补充 |
| Wash metal instruments in lacquer-stripping and cyanide solutions to remove lacquer and tarnish. | 补充 |
| Refinish instruments to protect and decorate them, using hand tools, buffing tools, and varnish. | 补充 |
| Deliver pianos to purchasers or to locations of their use. | 补充 |
| Refinish and polish piano cabinets or cases to prepare them for sale. | 补充 |
| Remove irregularities from tuning pins, strings, and hammers of pianos, using wood blocks or filing tools. | 补充 |
| Strike wood, fiberglass, or metal bars of instruments, and use tuned blocks, stroboscopes, or electronic tuners to evaluate tones made by instruments. | 补充 |
| Assemble and install new pipe organs and pianos in buildings. | 补充 |
0.13/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Play instruments to evaluate their sound quality and to locate any defects. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Adjust string tensions to tune instruments, using hand tools and electronic tuning devices. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Disassemble instruments and parts for repair and adjustment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inspect instruments to locate defects, and to determine their value or the level of restoration required. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Repair cracks in wood or metal instruments, using pinning wire, lathes, fillers, clamps, or soldering irons. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Reassemble instruments following repair, using hand tools and power tools and glue, hair, yarn, resin, or clamps, and lubricate instruments as necessary. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Compare instrument pitches with tuning tool pitches to tune instruments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| String instruments, and adjust trusses and bridges of instruments to obtain specified string tensions and heights. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Repair or replace musical instrument parts and components, such as strings, bridges, felts, and keys, using hand and power tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Polish instruments, using rags and polishing compounds, buffing wheels, or burnishing tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Shape old parts and replacement parts to improve tone or intonation, using hand tools, lathes, or soldering irons. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Make wood replacement parts, using woodworking machines and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix and measure glue that will be used for instrument repair. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Refinish instruments to protect and decorate them, using hand tools, buffing tools, and varnish. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Align pads and keys on reed or wind instruments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Adjust felt hammers on pianos to increase tonal mellowness or brilliance, using sanding paddles, lacquer, or needles. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Solder posts and parts to hold them in their proper places. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove dents and burrs from metal instruments, using mallets and burnishing tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Wash metal instruments in lacquer-stripping and cyanide solutions to remove lacquer and tarnish. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test tubes and pickups in electronic amplifier units, and solder parts and connections as necessary. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Deliver pianos to purchasers or to locations of their use. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Solder or weld frames of mallet instruments and metal drum parts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove drumheads by removing tension rods with drum keys and cutting tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Assemble bars onto percussion instruments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove irregularities from tuning pins, strings, and hammers of pianos, using wood blocks or filing tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Repair breaks in percussion instruments, such as drums and cymbals, using drill presses, power saws, glue, clamps, grinding wheels, or other hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Clean, sand, and paint parts of percussion instruments to maintain their condition. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Replace xylophone bars and wheels. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Strike wood, fiberglass, or metal bars of instruments, and use tuned blocks, stroboscopes, or electronic tuners to evaluate tones made by instruments. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 6K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 6K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +1.9%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $46,420
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 73031 | 악기 제조 및 수리원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 73032 | 조율사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7312Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners
乐器制作工和调音师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- musical instrument technicianESCO 7312.5范围相同
Musical instrument technicians maintain, tune and repair musical instruments such as pianos, pipe organs, band instruments, violins and other instruments.
- instrument technicianESCO 7312.2本职业范围更宽
Instrument technicians assist and support musicians before, during and after the performance to ensure the instruments and the connected equipment, the backline, are setup properly. They maintain, check, tune and repair instruments and assist with quick changes.
- electronic musical instrument makerESCO 8212.3.3有重叠，但不相同
Electronic musical instrument makers create and assemble parts to make electronic instruments according to specified instructions or diagrams. They install and test electric pick-ups, clean and inspect the finished instrument.
- idiophone musical instruments makerESCO 7312.1有重叠，但不相同
Idiophone musical instruments makers create and assemble parts to make idiophone instruments to specified instructions or diagrams. They shape, drill, sand and string the parts that are mostly made out of glass, metal, ceramics or wood, clean, test the quality and inspect the finished instrument.
- keyboard musical instrument makerESCO 7312.3有重叠，但不相同
Keyboard musical instrument makers create and assemble parts to create keyboard instruments according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, tune, test and inspect the finished instrument.
- membranophone musical instruments makerESCO 7312.4有重叠，但不相同
Membranophone musical instruments makers create and assemble parts to make membranophone instruments to specified instructions or diagrams. They stretch and attach the membrane to the frame of the instrument, test the quality and inspect the finished instrument.
- organ builderESCO 7312.3.2有重叠，但不相同
Organ builders create and assemble parts to build organs according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, tune, test and inspect the finished instrument.
- piano makerESCO 7312.3.3有重叠，但不相同
Piano makers create and assemble parts to make pianos according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, tune, test and inspect the finished instrument.
- stringed musical instrument makerESCO 7312.6有重叠，但不相同
Stringed musical instrument makers create and assemble parts to create stringed instruments according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, measure and attach strings, test quality of strings and inspect the finished instrument.
- violin makerESCO 7312.6.3有重叠，但不相同
Violin makers create and assemble parts to create violins according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, measure and attach strings, test quality of strings and inspect the finished instrument.
- wind musical instrument makerESCO 7312.7有重叠，但不相同
Wind musical instrument makers create and assemble parts to make wind instruments according to specified instructions and diagrams. They measure and cut the tubing for the resonator, assemble parts such as braces, slides, valves, piston, bell heads and mouth pieces, test and inspect the finished instrument.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| B1501 | Facteur / Factrice d'instruments à clavier | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1502 | Facteur / Factrice d'instruments de musique anciens | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1503 | Facteur / Factrice d'instruments à vent | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1504 | Facteur / Factrice de percussions | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| B1505 | Luthier / Luthière | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7612 | Lutieres y similares; afinadores de instrumentos musicales | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 93602 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93603 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93613 | Berufe im Streich- und Zupfinstrumentenbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93622 | Berufe im Holzblasinstrumentenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93623 | Berufe im Holzblasinstrumentenbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93633 | Berufe im Metallblasinstrumentenbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93643 | Berufe im Klavier- und Cembalobau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93652 | Berufe im Orgel- und Harmoniumbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93653 | Berufe im Orgel- und Harmoniumbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93682 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93683 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 93612 | Berufe im Streich- und Zupfinstrumentenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 93642 | Berufe im Klavier- und Cembalobau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 93604 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 93632 | Berufe im Metallblasinstrumentenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 93693 | Aufsichtskräfte - Musikinstrumentenbau | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 539 | その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品を除く） | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 249 | 他に分類されない専門的職業従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源