Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-2041.00

Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.11

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 23 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（4.3%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Study engineering drawings and blueprints to determine materials requirements and task sequences.

O*NET Task ID 10042

0.5
Position, align, fit, and weld parts to form complete units or subunits, following blueprints and layout specifications, and using jigs, welding torches, and hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 10035

0.0
Verify conformance of workpieces to specifications, using squares, rulers, and measuring tapes.

O*NET Task ID 10036

0.0
Tack-weld fitted parts together.

O*NET Task ID 10037

0.0
Lay out and examine metal stock or workpieces to be processed to ensure that specifications are met.

O*NET Task ID 10038

0.0
Align and fit parts according to specifications, using jacks, turnbuckles, wedges, drift pins, pry bars, and hammers.

O*NET Task ID 10039

0.0
Locate and mark workpiece bending and cutting lines, allowing for stock thickness, machine and welding shrinkage, and other component specifications.

O*NET Task ID 10040

0.0
Position or tighten braces, jacks, clamps, ropes, or bolt straps, or bolt parts in position for welding or riveting.

O*NET Task ID 10041

0.0
Move parts into position, manually or with hoists or cranes.

O*NET Task ID 10043

0.0
Set up and operate fabricating machines, such as brakes, rolls, shears, flame cutters, grinders, and drill presses, to bend, cut, form, punch, drill, or otherwise form and assemble metal components.

O*NET Task ID 10044

0.0
Hammer, chip, and grind workpieces to cut, bend, and straighten metal.

O*NET Task ID 10045

0.0
Smooth workpiece edges and fix taps, tubes, and valves.

O*NET Task ID 10046

0.0
Design and construct templates and fixtures, using hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 10047

0.0
Straighten warped or bent parts, using sledges, hand torches, straightening presses, or bulldozers.

O*NET Task ID 10048

0.0
Mark reference points onto floors or face blocks and transpose them to workpieces, using measuring devices, squares, chalk, and soapstone.

O*NET Task ID 10049

0.0
Set up face blocks, jigs, and fixtures.

O*NET Task ID 10050

0.0
Remove high spots and cut bevels, using hand files, portable grinders, and cutting torches.

O*NET Task ID 10051

0.0
Direct welders to build up low spots or short pieces with weld.

O*NET Task ID 10052

0.0
Lift or move materials and finished products, using large cranes.

O*NET Task ID 10053

0.0
Heat-treat parts, using acetylene torches.

O*NET Task ID 10054

0.0
Preheat workpieces to make them malleable, using hand torches or furnaces.

O*NET Task ID 10055

0.0
Install boilers, containers, and other structures.

O*NET Task ID 10056

0.0
Erect ladders and scaffolding to fit together large assemblies.

O*NET Task ID 10057

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（23 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Position, align, fit, and weld parts to form complete units or subunits, following blueprints and layout specifications, and using jigs, welding torches, and hand tools.核心
Verify conformance of workpieces to specifications, using squares, rulers, and measuring tapes.核心
Tack-weld fitted parts together.核心
Lay out and examine metal stock or workpieces to be processed to ensure that specifications are met.核心
Align and fit parts according to specifications, using jacks, turnbuckles, wedges, drift pins, pry bars, and hammers.核心
Locate and mark workpiece bending and cutting lines, allowing for stock thickness, machine and welding shrinkage, and other component specifications.核心
Position or tighten braces, jacks, clamps, ropes, or bolt straps, or bolt parts in position for welding or riveting.核心
Study engineering drawings and blueprints to determine materials requirements and task sequences.核心
Move parts into position, manually or with hoists or cranes.核心
Set up and operate fabricating machines, such as brakes, rolls, shears, flame cutters, grinders, and drill presses, to bend, cut, form, punch, drill, or otherwise form and assemble metal components.核心
Hammer, chip, and grind workpieces to cut, bend, and straighten metal.核心
Smooth workpiece edges and fix taps, tubes, and valves.核心
Set up face blocks, jigs, and fixtures.核心
Remove high spots and cut bevels, using hand files, portable grinders, and cutting torches.核心
Lift or move materials and finished products, using large cranes.核心
Design and construct templates and fixtures, using hand tools.补充
Straighten warped or bent parts, using sledges, hand torches, straightening presses, or bulldozers.补充
Mark reference points onto floors or face blocks and transpose them to workpieces, using measuring devices, squares, chalk, and soapstone.补充
Direct welders to build up low spots or short pieces with weld.补充
Heat-treat parts, using acetylene torches.补充
Preheat workpieces to make them malleable, using hand torches or furnaces.补充
Install boilers, containers, and other structures.补充
Erect ladders and scaffolding to fit together large assemblies.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
52K
预计就业人数，2035
49K
变化 (2025–35)
-6.2%
年薪中位数，2025
$51,330
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
78111강구조물 가공원范围相同已确认
84160제관기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
85432선박 조립원有重叠，但不相同已确认
78370새시 조립 및 설치원相关，但不对应已确认
85422자동차 차체 부품 조립원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7214Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors

    金属结构件预制工和安装工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Structural metal preparers and erectors assemble, erect and dismantle structural metal frames of buildings and other structures.

任务

  • (a) marking metal framework as a guide when drilling, cutting and shaping metal stock for use in buildings, ships and other structures;
  • (b) drilling, cutting and shaping structural steel in a workshop;
  • (c) erecting steel framework for buildings, bridges and other constructions;
  • (d) assembling and erecting the framework and other metal parts of ships' structures;
  • (e) shaping and fitting structural-steel plates of ships under construction or repair;
  • (f) riveting structural metal members by hand, machine or pneumatic riveter.

职业示例

Erector, structural metal · Preparer, structural metal · Riveter

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • metal products assemblerESCO 8219.8本职业范围更宽

    Metal products assemblers fit and fasten metal materials according to strictly laid down procedures in order to produce various parts or final products using power tools, hand tools, and other machinery.

  • ornamental metal workerESCO 7223.14本职业范围更宽

    Ornamental metal workers use finishing equipment and machinery to shape and finish fabricated ornamental metal workpieces, often used for the installation process in construction, such as railings, staircases, open steel flooring, fences and gates, and others.

  • riveterESCO 7214.3.1本职业范围更宽

    Riveters assemble several metal parts together by riveting guns, rivet set and hammers, or by operating a riveting machine that all perform the purpose of drilling holes on the rivet shank of the metal part and of inserting rivets, bolts, into these holes in order to fasten them together.

  • spot welderESCO 7212.3.4本职业范围更宽

    Spot welders set up and tend spot welding machines designed to press and join metal workpieces together. The metal resistance to the passage of electrical current and the subsequent heat created in the process allows for the local melting and joining of the parts.

  • coppersmithESCO 7213.3有重叠，但不相同

    Coppersmiths craft and repair items made of non-ferrous metals such as copper, brass and similar materials. They shape and form the raw materials into objects of practical or artistic purpose using smithing tools. Professional coppersmiths create detailed and highly technical devices using appropriate smithing techniques.

  • electron beam welderESCO 7212.3.1有重叠，但不相同

    Electron beam welders set up and tend machines designed to join separate metal workpieces together through the use of a high-velocity electron beam. They monitor the machining processes providing an alteration in the kinetic energy of the electrons that allows for them to transform into heat for the metal to melt and join together in a process of precise welding.

  • sheet metal workerESCO 7213.4有重叠，但不相同

    Sheet metal workers in construction use sheet metal to construct roofs, ducts for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning, gutters and other metal structures. They read plans and determine the type and amount of materials to be used, then measure, bend, cut, shape, and attach pieces of sheet metal to create the required structure.

  • structural ironworkerESCO 7214.3有重叠，但不相同

    Structural ironworker in construction install iron elements into structures. They erect steel frameworks for buildings, bridges and other construction projects. They set metal rods, or rebar, to form reinforced concrete.

  • welderESCO 7212.3有重叠，但不相同

    Welders operate welding equipment in order to join metal workpieces together. They can use fusion welding processes based on different techniques and materials. They also perform simple visual inspection of welds.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H2919Charpentier / Charpentière métallique en construction navale本职业范围更宽暂定
H2902Chaudronnier / Chaudronnière有重叠，但不相同暂定
H2911Métallier / Métallière有重叠，但不相同暂定
F1607Menuisier / Menuisière aluminium相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7314Montadores de estructuras metálicas有重叠，但不相同
7313Chapistas y caldereros相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
24412Berufe im Metallbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
24422Berufe in der Schweiß- und Verbindungstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
25242Berufe in der Schiffbautechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
525鉄工，製缶従事者本职业范围更窄
495鉄工・製缶設備制御・監視員相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源