Bakers

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-3011.00

Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.17

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 11 项工作

已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 7 项（38.9%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Adapt the quantity of ingredients to match the amount of items to be baked.

O*NET Task ID 11922

1.0
Prepare or maintain inventory or production records.

O*NET Task ID 11927

1.0
Develop new recipes for baked goods.

O*NET Task ID 11931

1.0
Decorate baked goods, such as cakes or pastries.

O*NET Task ID 11925

0.5
Direct or coordinate bakery deliveries.

O*NET Task ID 11928

0.5
Order or receive supplies or equipment.

O*NET Task ID 11929

0.5
Check products for quality, and identify damaged or expired goods.

O*NET Task ID 20819

0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（18 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Observe color of products being baked, and adjust oven temperatures, humidity, or conveyor speeds accordingly.核心
Set oven temperatures, and place items into hot ovens for baking.核心
Combine measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking machinery.核心
Measure or weigh flour or other ingredients to prepare batters, doughs, fillings, or icings, using scales or graduated containers.核心
Roll, knead, cut, or shape dough to form sweet rolls, pie crusts, tarts, cookies, or other products.核心
Place dough in pans, molds, or on sheets, and bake in production ovens or on grills.核心
Check the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and specifications are met.核心
Adapt the quantity of ingredients to match the amount of items to be baked.核心
Apply glazes, icings, or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas or brushes.核心
Check equipment to ensure that it meets health and safety regulations, and perform maintenance or cleaning, as necessary.核心
Decorate baked goods, such as cakes or pastries.核心
Set time and speed controls for mixing machines, blending machines, or steam kettles so that ingredients will be mixed or cooked according to instructions.核心
Check products for quality, and identify damaged or expired goods.核心
Prepare or maintain inventory or production records.补充
Direct or coordinate bakery deliveries.补充
Order or receive supplies or equipment.补充
Operate slicing or wrapping machines.补充
Develop new recipes for baked goods.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
262K
预计就业人数，2035
277K
变化 (2025–35)
+5.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$37,160
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
71010제빵사 및 제과원范围相同已确认
71020떡 제조원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7512Bakers, Pastry-cooks and Confectionery Makers

    面包师、糕点师和糖果制作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers make various kinds of bread, cakes and other flour products, as well as handmade chocolate and sugar confectionery.

任务

  • (a) making bread, cakes, biscuits, pastries, pies and other flour products;
  • (b) making handmade confectionery from mixtures of sugar, chocolate and other ingredients using hand tools and some machines;
  • (c) combining measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending or cooking machinery;
  • (d) checking the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and specifications are met;
  • (e) applying glazes, icings or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas or brushes;
  • (f) checking the cleanliness of equipment and operation of premises before production runs to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety regulations;
  • (g) monitoring oven temperatures and product appearance to determine baking times;
  • (h) coordinating the forming, loading, baking, unloading, de-panning and cooling of batches of bread, rolls, pastry and confectionary products.

职业示例

Baker · Chocolate maker · Confectioner · Pastry-cook

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • bakerESCO 7512.1范围相同

    Bakers make a wide range of breads, pastries, and other baked goods. They follow all the processes from receipt and storage of raw materials, preparation of raw materials for bread-making, measurement and mixing of ingredients into dough and proof. They tend ovens to bake products to an adequate temperature and time.

  • confectionerESCO 7512.3本职业范围更宽

    Confectioners make a varied range of cakes, candies and other confectionery items for industrial purposes or for direct selling.

  • pastry makerESCO 7512.5本职业范围更宽

    Pastry makers prepare and bake cakes, cookies, croissants, pies and alike products according to recipes.

  • baking operatorESCO 8160.2有重叠，但不相同

    Baking operators tend automatic reels or conveyor-type ovens to bake bread, pastries and other bakery products. They interpret work orders to determine the products and the quantities to be baked. They set the operational speed of conveyors, baking times, and temperatures. They supervise the baking process and maintain oven operations in control.

  • head pastry chefESCO 3434.1.2.1有重叠，但不相同

    Head pastry chefs manage pastry staff and ensure the preparation, cooking and presentation of desserts, sweet products and pastry products.

  • pastry chefESCO 3434.1.2有重叠，但不相同

    Pastry chefs are responsible for preparing, cooking and presenting desserts, sweet products and bakery products.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
D1102Boulanger / Boulangère本职业范围更宽暂定
D1104Pâtissier / Pâtissière本职业范围更宽暂定
D1108Chef boulanger / Cheffe boulangère本职业范围更宽暂定
D1120Tourier / Tourière本职业范围更宽暂定
H2108Boulanger pâtissier industriel / Boulangère pâtissière industrielle本职业范围更宽暂定
D1115Chocolatier / Chocolatière相关，但不对应暂定
D1117Chef pâtissier / Cheffe pâtissière相关，但不对应暂定
G1610Pâtissier / Pâtissière de restaurant相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7703Panaderos, pasteleros y confiteros本职业范围更窄
8160Operadores de máquinas para elaborar productos alimenticios, bebidas y tabaco相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
29222Berufe in der Back- und Konditoreiwarenherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten范围相同暂定
29201Berufe in der Lebensmittelherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
533食料品製造従事者本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源