Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-4021.00

Set up, operate, or tend machines to extrude or draw thermoplastic or metal materials into tubes, rods, hoses, wire, bars, or structural shapes.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.17–0.26· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators0.18
  • ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators0.26
  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 16 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（6.3%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Troubleshoot, maintain, and make minor repairs to equipment.

51-4021.00

0.0016100.0
Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Measure and examine extruded products to locate defects and to check for conformance to specifications, adjusting controls as necessary to alter products.
—0
Determine setup procedures and select machine dies and parts, according to specifications.
—0
Install dies, machine screws, and sizing rings on machines that extrude thermoplastic or metal materials.
—0
Change dies on extruding machines according to production line changes.
—0
Start machines and set controls to regulate vacuum, air pressure, sizing rings, and temperature, and to synchronize speed of extrusion.
—0
Reel extruded products into rolls of specified lengths and weights.
—0
Clean work areas.
—0
Replace worn dies when products vary from specifications.
—0
Adjust controls to draw or press metal into specified shapes and diameters.
—0
Operate shearing mechanisms to cut rods to specified lengths.
—0
Select nozzles, spacers, and wire guides, according to diameters and lengths of rods.
—0
Weigh and mix pelletized, granular, or powdered thermoplastic materials and coloring pigments.
—0
Load machine hoppers with mixed materials, using augers, or stuff rolls of plastic dough into machine cylinders.
—0
Test physical properties of products with testing devices such as acid-bath testers, burst testers, and impact testers.
—0
Maintain an inventory of materials.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（16 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Measure and examine extruded products to locate defects and to check for conformance to specifications, adjusting controls as necessary to alter products.核心
Determine setup procedures and select machine dies and parts, according to specifications.核心
Install dies, machine screws, and sizing rings on machines that extrude thermoplastic or metal materials.核心
Change dies on extruding machines, according to production line changes.核心
Start machines and set controls to regulate vacuum, air pressure, sizing rings, and temperature, and to synchronize speed of extrusion.核心
Replace worn dies when products vary from specifications.核心
Troubleshoot, maintain, and make minor repairs to equipment.核心
Clean work areas.核心
Adjust controls to draw or press metal into specified shapes and diameters.核心
Operate shearing mechanisms to cut rods to specified lengths.核心
Load machine hoppers with mixed materials, using augers, or stuff rolls of plastic dough into machine cylinders.核心
Test physical properties of products with testing devices such as acid-bath testers, burst testers, and impact testers.核心
Maintain an inventory of materials.核心
Reel extruded products into rolls of specified lengths and weights.补充
Select nozzles, spacers, and wire guides, according to diameters and lengths of rods.补充
Weigh and mix pelletized, granular, or powdered thermoplastic materials and coloring pigments.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
61K
预计就业人数，2035
61K
变化 (2025–35)
+0.7%
年薪中位数，2025
$47,720
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
83232플라스틱 압출기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84152인발기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84153연선기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84154압출기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
86322전기제품 제조 기계 조작원有重叠，但不相同已审核
83215필름 생산기 조작원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators

    金属加工机床调整工和操作工

  • ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators

    金属加工厂操作工

  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators

    塑料制品机器操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • extrusion machine operatorESCO 8121.2本职业范围更窄

    Extrusion machine operators set up, monitor and maintain machines which heat or melt raw materials, and pull or push the heated material through a shaped die to form it into a continuous profile with a preset cross section such as tubes, pipes and sheeting. They may also clean and maintain the equipment.

  • compression moulding machine operatorESCO 8142.3有重叠，但不相同

    Compression moulding machine operators set up and operate machines to mould plastic products, according to requirements. They select and install dies on press. Compression moulding machine operators weigh the amount of premixed compound needed and pour it into the die well. They regulate the temperature of dies.

  • metal drawing machine operatorESCO 8121.4有重叠，但不相同

    Metal drawing machine operators set up and operate drawing machines for ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, designed to provide wires, bars, pipes, hollow profiles and tubes with their specific form by reducing its cross-section and by pulling the working materials through a series of drawing dies.

  • stamping press operatorESCO 7223.21有重叠，但不相同

    Stamping press operators set up and tend stamping presses designed to form metal workpieces in their desired shape by applying pressure through the up and down movement of a bolster plate and a die attached to a stamping ram on the metal, resulting in the die producing smaller metal parts of the workpiece fed to the press.

  • straightening machine operatorESCO 7223.22有重叠，但不相同

    Straightening machine operators set up and tend straightening machines designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape using pressing practices. They adjust the angle and the height of the straightening rolls and select the settings for the pressing force required to straighten the workpiece, taking into account the end product's yield strenght and size, without excess work hardening.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H3201Plasturgiste相关，但不对应
H2904Forgeron industriel / Forgeronne industrielle相关，但不对应暂定
H3202Monteur régleur / Monteuse régleuse en plasturgie相关，但不对应暂定
H3204Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8121Operadores en instalaciones para la obtención y transformación de metales有重叠，但不相同暂定
8142Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
24122Berufe in der Metallumformung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同
22102Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
529その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品）相关，但不对应
538ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源