Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4031.00
Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17–0.18· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators0.18
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 31 项工作已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（3.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Scribe reference lines on workpieces as guides for cutting operations, according to blueprints, templates, sample parts, or specifications.O*NET Task ID 10120 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（31 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Measure completed workpieces to verify conformance to specifications, using micrometers, gauges, calipers, templates, or rulers. | 核心 |
| Examine completed workpieces for defects, such as chipped edges or marred surfaces and sort defective pieces according to types of flaws. | 核心 |
| Read work orders or production schedules to determine specifications, such as materials to be used, locations of cutting lines, or dimensions and tolerances. | 核心 |
| Load workpieces, plastic material, or chemical solutions into machines. | 核心 |
| Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material. | 核心 |
| Start machines, monitor their operations, and record operational data. | 核心 |
| Test and adjust machine speeds or actions, according to product specifications, using gauges and hand tools. | 核心 |
| Turn controls to set cutting speeds, feed rates, or table angles for specified operations. | 核心 |
| Clean work area. | 核心 |
| Install, align, and lock specified punches, dies, cutting blades, or other fixtures in rams or beds of machines, using gauges, templates, feelers, shims, and hand tools. | 补充 |
| Clean and lubricate machines. | 补充 |
| Position, align, and secure workpieces against fixtures or stops on machine beds or on dies. | 补充 |
| Scribe reference lines on workpieces as guides for cutting operations, according to blueprints, templates, sample parts, or specifications. | 补充 |
| Set blade tensions, heights, and angles to perform prescribed cuts, using wrenches. | 补充 |
| Adjust ram strokes of presses to specified lengths, using hand tools. | 补充 |
| Place workpieces on cutting tables, manually or using hoists, cranes, or sledges. | 补充 |
| Position guides, stops, holding blocks, or other fixtures to secure and direct workpieces, using hand tools and measuring devices. | 补充 |
| Turn valves to start flow of coolant against cutting areas or to start airflow that blows cuttings away from kerfs. | 补充 |
| Set stops on machine beds, change dies, and adjust components, such as rams or power presses, when making multiple or successive passes. | 补充 |
| Lubricate workpieces with oil. | 补充 |
| Replace defective blades or wheels, using hand tools. | 补充 |
| Mark identifying data on workpieces. | 补充 |
| Plan sequences of operations, applying knowledge of physical properties of workpiece materials. | 补充 |
| Grind out burrs or sharp edges, using portable grinders, speed lathes, or polishing jacks. | 补充 |
| Sharpen dulled blades, using bench grinders, abrasive wheels, or lathes. | 补充 |
| Remove housings, feed tubes, tool holders, or other accessories to replace worn or broken parts, such as springs or bushings. | 补充 |
| Hone cutters with oilstones to remove nicks. | 补充 |
| Select, clean, and install spacers, rubber sleeves, or cutters on arbors. | 补充 |
| Preheat workpieces, using heating furnaces or hand torches. | 补充 |
| Operate forklifts to deliver materials. | 补充 |
| Use equipment designed to join sheet metal, such as spot welders. | 补充 |
1.10/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Measure completed workpieces to verify conformance to specifications, using micrometers, gauges, calipers, templates, or rulers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine completed workpieces for defects, such as chipped edges or marred surfaces and sort defective pieces according to types of flaws. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Load workpieces, plastic material, or chemical solutions into machines. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Start machines, monitor their operations, and record operational data. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test and adjust machine speeds or actions, according to product specifications, using gauges and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install, align, and lock specified punches, dies, cutting blades, or other fixtures in rams or beds of machines, using gauges, templates, feelers, shims, and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean and lubricate machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position, align, and secure workpieces against fixtures or stops on machine beds or on dies. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust ram strokes of presses to specified lengths, using hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position guides, stops, holding blocks, or other fixtures to secure and direct workpieces, using hand tools and measuring devices. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set stops on machine beds, change dies, and adjust components, such as rams or power presses, when making multiple or successive passes. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Lubricate workpieces with oil. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Mark identifying data on workpieces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean work area. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate forklifts to deliver materials. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Scribe reference lines on workpieces as guides for cutting operations, according to blueprints, templates, sample parts, or specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set blade tensions, heights, and angles to perform prescribed cuts, using wrenches. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Place workpieces on cutting tables, manually or using hoists, cranes, or sledges. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Thread ends of metal coils from reels through slitters and secure ends on recoilers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Turn valves to start flow of coolant against cutting areas or to start airflow that blows cuttings away from kerfs. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Replace defective blades or wheels, using hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Turn controls to set cutting speeds, feed rates, or table angles for specified operations. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Hand-form, cut, or finish workpieces, using tools such as table saws, hand sledges, or anvils. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Grind out burrs or sharp edges, using portable grinders, speed lathes, or polishing jacks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sharpen dulled blades, using bench grinders, abrasive wheels, or lathes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove housings, feed tubes, tool holders, or other accessories to replace worn or broken parts, such as springs or bushings. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Hone cutters with oilstones to remove nicks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Select, clean, and install spacers, rubber sleeves, or cutters on arbors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Preheat workpieces, using heating furnaces or hand torches. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 171K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 153K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -10.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $46,330
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85105 | 프레스기 및 절단기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 85106 | 금속 절곡기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84159 | 그 외 금속가공 기계 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 84170 | 판금기 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators
金属加工机床调整工和操作工
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators
塑料制品机器操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- laser cutting machine operatorESCO 7223.4.3本职业范围更宽
Laser cutting machine operators set up, program and tend laser cutting machines, designed to cut, or rather burn off and melt, excess material from a metal workpiece by directing a computer-motion-controlled powerful laser beam through laser optics. They read laser cutting machine blueprints and tooling instructions, perform regular machine maintenance, and make adjustments to the milling controls, such as the intensity of the laser beam and its positioning.
- metal nibbling operatorESCO 7223.11本职业范围更宽
Metal nibbling operators cut detailed patterns from metal surfaces by using manual or powered metal nibblers, such as a handheld nibbling drill or a nibbling machine.
- metal sawing machine operatorESCO 7223.4.5本职业范围更宽
Metal sawing machine operators set up and operate metal sawing machines designed to cut excess metal from a metal workpiece by the use of a (or several) large toothed-edges blade(s). They also trim clean finished shapes out of metal using tin snips, metal shears or wire cutters. They also smoothen and trim sharp or rough edges using various tools.
- punch press operatorESCO 7223.4.7本职业范围更宽
Punch press operators set up and tend punch presses designed to cut workpieces into their desired shape by propelling a hydraulic ram to punch holes into them with a single die set that pushes through the top dead centre, through the surface, and to the bottom dead centre of the workpiece.
- slitter operatorESCO 8189.2本职业范围更宽
Slitter operators set up, operate, or tend machines, in order to cut, slit, bend, or straighten sheets of metal, paper, or other materials to specific widths. Slitter operators must also ensure quality, by examining various end-products and observing pre-defined tolerances.
- straightening machine operatorESCO 7223.22本职业范围更宽
Straightening machine operators set up and tend straightening machines designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape using pressing practices. They adjust the angle and the height of the straightening rolls and select the settings for the pressing force required to straighten the workpiece, taking into account the end product's yield strenght and size, without excess work hardening.
- drill press operatorESCO 7223.6有重叠，但不相同
Drill press operators set up and operate drill presses designed to cut excess material from or enlarge a hole in a fabricated workpiece using a hardened, rotary, multipointed cutting tool that inserts the drill into the workpiece axially.
- laser marking machine operatorESCO 7223.10有重叠，但不相同
Laser marking machine operators set up and tend laser marking or engraving machines designed to precisely carve a design in the surface of a metal workpiece by use of a moving controller and an engraving laser beam point attached to it that traces patterns on the metal workpiece's surface. They make adjustments to the machine in terms of laser beam intensity, direction and speed of movement. They also ensure the laser table, used to perform laser machine engravings on and guides the laser beam, is properly set up.
- stamping press operatorESCO 7223.21有重叠，但不相同
Stamping press operators set up and tend stamping presses designed to form metal workpieces in their desired shape by applying pressure through the up and down movement of a bolster plate and a die attached to a stamping ram on the metal, resulting in the die producing smaller metal parts of the workpiece fed to the press.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2905 | Cisailleur / Cisailleuse en métallurgie | 范围相同暂定 |
| H2904 | Forgeron industriel / Forgeronne industrielle | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H2912 | Régleur / Régleuse d'équipements industriels | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7323 | Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas-herramienta | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 8142 | Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 24201 | Berufe in der Metallbearbeitung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 24212 | Berufe in der spanlosen Metallbearbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 24232 | Berufe in der spanenden Metallbearbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 524 | 金属プレス従事者 | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 494 | 金属プレス設備制御・監視員 | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 496 | 板金設備制御・監視員 | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 529 | その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品） | 相关，但不对应 |
| 538 | ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 495 | 鉄工・製缶設備制御・監視員 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源