Machinists
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4041.00
Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.18
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 27 项工作已评分任务 29 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 8 项（27.6%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments such as micrometers or vernier calipers.51-4041.00 | 0.0077100.0 | —0 |
Test experimental models under simulated operating conditions for purposes such as development, standardization, or feasibility of design. | —0 | 0.0018100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Program computers or electronic instruments, such as numerically controlled machine tools.O*NET Task ID 3110 | 1.0 |
Confer with engineering, supervisory, or manufacturing personnel to exchange technical information.O*NET Task ID 3112 | 1.0 |
Confer with numerical control programmers to check and ensure that new programs or machinery will function properly and that output will meet specifications.O*NET Task ID 3116 | 1.0 |
Evaluate machining procedures and recommend changes or modifications for improved efficiency or adaptability.O*NET Task ID 20297 | 1.0 |
Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts.O*NET Task ID 3101 | 0.5 |
Design fixtures, tooling, or experimental parts to meet special engineering needs.O*NET Task ID 3119 | 0.5 |
Prepare working sketches for the illustration of product appearance.O*NET Task ID 3120 | 0.5 |
Study sample parts, blueprints, drawings, or engineering information to determine methods or sequences of operations needed to fabricate products.O*NET Task ID 20295 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders. | 核心 |
| Measure, examine, or test completed units to check for defects and ensure conformance to specifications, using precision instruments, such as micrometers. | 核心 |
| Align and secure holding fixtures, cutting tools, attachments, accessories, or materials onto machines. | 核心 |
| Monitor the feed and speed of machines during the machining process. | 核心 |
| Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts. | 核心 |
| Check work pieces to ensure that they are properly lubricated or cooled. | 核心 |
| Operate equipment to verify operational efficiency. | 核心 |
| Program computers or electronic instruments, such as numerically controlled machine tools. | 核心 |
| Confer with engineering, supervisory, or manufacturing personnel to exchange technical information. | 核心 |
| Confer with numerical control programmers to check and ensure that new programs or machinery will function properly and that output will meet specifications. | 核心 |
| Fit and assemble parts to make or repair machine tools. | 核心 |
| Design fixtures, tooling, or experimental parts to meet special engineering needs. | 核心 |
| Dispose of scrap or waste material in accordance with company policies and environmental regulations. | 核心 |
| Separate scrap waste and related materials for reuse, recycling, or disposal. | 核心 |
| Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments, such as micrometers or vernier calipers. | 核心 |
| Set up, adjust, or operate basic or specialized machine tools used to perform precision machining operations. | 核心 |
| Maintain machine tools in proper operational condition. | 核心 |
| Study sample parts, blueprints, drawings, or engineering information to determine methods or sequences of operations needed to fabricate products. | 核心 |
| Diagnose machine tool malfunctions to determine need for adjustments or repairs. | 核心 |
| Evaluate machining procedures and recommend changes or modifications for improved efficiency or adaptability. | 核心 |
| Install repaired parts into equipment or install new equipment. | 补充 |
| Advise clients about the materials being used for finished products. | 补充 |
| Dismantle machines or equipment, using hand tools or power tools to examine parts for defects and replace defective parts where needed. | 补充 |
| Establish work procedures for fabricating new structural products, using a variety of metalworking machines. | 补充 |
| Support metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly, inspection, and testing, using knowledge of machine functions, metal properties, and mathematics. | 补充 |
| Prepare working sketches for the illustration of product appearance. | 补充 |
| Install experimental parts or assemblies, such as hydraulic systems, electrical wiring, lubricants, or batteries into machines or mechanisms. | 补充 |
| Set up or operate metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding, or cutting equipment. | 补充 |
| Test experimental models under simulated operating conditions, for purposes such as development, standardization, or feasibility of design. | 补充 |
0.83/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure, examine, or test completed units to check for defects and ensure conformance to specifications, using precision instruments, such as micrometers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Align and secure holding fixtures, cutting tools, attachments, accessories, or materials onto machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor the feed and speed of machines during the machining process. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Check work pieces to ensure that they are properly lubricated or cooled. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate equipment to verify operational efficiency. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fit and assemble parts to make or repair machine tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dispose of scrap or waste material in accordance with company policies and environmental regulations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Separate scrap waste and related materials for reuse, recycling, or disposal. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments, such as micrometers or vernier calipers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up, adjust, or operate basic or specialized machine tools used to perform precision machining operations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Maintain machine tools in proper operational condition. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Diagnose machine tool malfunctions to determine need for adjustments or repairs. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Install repaired parts into equipment or install new equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dismantle machines or equipment, using hand tools or power tools to examine parts for defects and replace defective parts where needed. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Support metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly, inspection, and testing, using knowledge of machine functions, metal properties, and mathematics. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install experimental parts or assemblies, such as hydraulic systems, electrical wiring, lubricants, or batteries into machines or mechanisms. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up or operate metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding, or cutting equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test experimental models under simulated operating conditions, for purposes such as development, standardization, or feasibility of design. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 288K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 291K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +1%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $58,750
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85101 | 선반기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 85102 | 밀링기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 85107 | 머시닝센터 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators
金属加工机床调整工和操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- computer numerical control machine operatorESCO 7223.4本职业范围更宽
Computer numerical control machine operators set-up, maintain and control a computer numerical control machine in order to execute the product orders. They are responsible for programming the machines, ensuring the required parameters and measurements are met while maintaining the quality and safety standards.
- fitter and turnerESCO 7223.7本职业范围更宽
Fitters and turners use machine tools to create and modify metal parts according to set specifications in order to fit components for machinery. They ensure the finished components are ready for assembly.
- gear machinistESCO 7223.8本职业范围更宽
Gear machinists make precision parts for gears and other driving elements. They use a variety of machine tools.
- lathe and turning machine operatorESCO 7223.4.4本职业范围更宽
Lathe and turning machine operators set up, program and tend lathe and turning machines designed to cut excess metal from a metal workpiece using a hardened cutting tool moved by computer-controlled motors. They read lathe and turning machine blueprints and tooling instructions, perform regular machine maintenance, and make adjustments to the lathe controls, such as the depth of cuts and the rotation speed.
- metal planer operatorESCO 7223.12本职业范围更宽
Metal planer operators set up and operate a planer, which is a metalworking machine designed to cut excess material from a metal workpiece using linear relative motion between the planer's cutting tool and the workpiece in order to create a linear toolpath and cut.
- milling machine operatorESCO 7223.4.6本职业范围更宽
Milling machine operators set up, program and control milling machines, designed to cut excess material from metal workpieces using a computer-controlled rotary-cutting, milling cutter. They read milling machine blueprints and tooling instructions, perform regular machine maintenance, and make adjustments to the milling controls, such as the depth of cuts or the rotation speed.
- screw machine operatorESCO 7223.19本职业范围更宽
Screw machine operators set up and tend mechanical screw machines designed to manufacture (threaded) screws out of processed metal workpieces, specifically small- to medium-sized ones that have been turned by a lathe and turn machine.
- tool and die makerESCO 7222.5本职业范围更宽
Tool and die makers operate a variety of equipment and machinery designed to create metal tools and dies, which are both needed in several areas of manufacturing, and produce these tools in all steps of the production process. They design the tools and dies, then cut and shape them to size and finish them by manually operated machine tools, power tools, hand tools, or programming and tending CNC tool and die making machines.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2903 | Usineur / Usineuse | 本职业范围更窄 |
| H2516 | Technicien / Technicienne de production du travail des métaux | 本职业范围更宽 |
| H2901 | Ajusteur-monteur / Ajusteuse-monteuse | 相关，但不对应 |
| H2925 | Armurier / Armurière de fabrication | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7322 | Trabajadores de la fabricación de herramientas, mecánico-ajustadores, modelistas, matriceros y afines | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 7323 | Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas-herramienta | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 24232 | Berufe in der spanenden Metallbearbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 24512 | Berufe in der Feinwerktechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 523 | 金属工作機械作業従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 541 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具組立従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源