Foundry Mold and Coremakers
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4071.00
Make or form wax or sand cores or molds used in the production of metal castings in foundries.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.13
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
已评分任务 13 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Clean and smooth molds, cores, and core boxes, and repair surface imperfections.O*NET Task ID 12050 | 0.0 |
Move and position workpieces, such as mold sections, patterns, and bottom boards, using cranes, or signal others to move workpieces.O*NET Task ID 12051 | 0.0 |
Sprinkle or spray parting agents onto patterns and mold sections to facilitate removal of patterns from molds.O*NET Task ID 12052 | 0.0 |
Position patterns inside mold sections, and clamp sections together.O*NET Task ID 12053 | 0.0 |
Position cores into lower sections of molds, and reassemble molds for pouring.O*NET Task ID 12054 | 0.0 |
Sift and pack sand into mold sections, core boxes, and pattern contours, using hand or pneumatic ramming tools.O*NET Task ID 12055 | 0.0 |
Tend machines that bond cope and drag together to form completed shell molds.O*NET Task ID 12056 | 0.0 |
Cut spouts, runner holes, and sprue holes into molds.O*NET Task ID 12057 | 0.0 |
Lift upper mold sections from lower sections, and remove molded patterns.O*NET Task ID 12058 | 0.0 |
Form and assemble slab cores around patterns, and position wire in mold sections to reinforce molds, using hand tools and glue.O*NET Task ID 12059 | 0.0 |
Pour molten metal into molds, manually or with crane ladles.O*NET Task ID 12060 | 0.0 |
Rotate sweep boards around spindles to make symmetrical molds for convex impressions.O*NET Task ID 12061 | 0.0 |
Operate ovens or furnaces to bake cores or to melt, skim, and flux metal.O*NET Task ID 12062 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（13 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Clean and smooth molds, cores, and core boxes, and repair surface imperfections. | 核心 |
| Move and position workpieces, such as mold sections, patterns, and bottom boards, using cranes, or signal others to move workpieces. | 核心 |
| Sprinkle or spray parting agents onto patterns and mold sections to facilitate removal of patterns from molds. | 核心 |
| Position patterns inside mold sections, and clamp sections together. | 核心 |
| Position cores into lower sections of molds, and reassemble molds for pouring. | 核心 |
| Sift and pack sand into mold sections, core boxes, and pattern contours, using hand or pneumatic ramming tools. | 核心 |
| Cut spouts, runner holes, and sprue holes into molds. | 核心 |
| Lift upper mold sections from lower sections, and remove molded patterns. | 核心 |
| Form and assemble slab cores around patterns, and position wire in mold sections to reinforce molds, using hand tools and glue. | 核心 |
| Tend machines that bond cope and drag together to form completed shell molds. | 补充 |
| Pour molten metal into molds, manually or with crane ladles. | 补充 |
| Rotate sweep boards around spindles to make symmetrical molds for convex impressions. | 补充 |
| Operate ovens or furnaces to bake cores or to melt, skim, and flux metal. | 补充 |
1.00/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Clean and smooth molds, cores, and core boxes, and repair surface imperfections. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Move and position workpieces, such as mold sections, patterns, and bottom boards, using cranes, or signal others to move workpieces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sprinkle or spray parting agents onto patterns and mold sections to facilitate removal of patterns from molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position patterns inside mold sections, and clamp sections together. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position cores into lower sections of molds, and reassemble molds for pouring. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sift and pack sand into mold sections, core boxes, and pattern contours, using hand or pneumatic ramming tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut spouts, runner holes, and sprue holes into molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Lift upper mold sections from lower sections, and remove molded patterns. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Form and assemble slab cores around patterns, and position wire in mold sections to reinforce molds, using hand tools and glue. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Tend machines that bond cope and drag together to form completed shell molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Pour molten metal into molds, manually or with crane ladles. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Rotate sweep boards around spindles to make symmetrical molds for convex impressions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate ovens or furnaces to bake cores or to melt, skim, and flux metal. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 13K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 10K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -23%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $48,110
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 74022 | 주형원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7211Metal Moulders and Coremakers
金属造型工和制芯工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- foundry moulderESCO 7211.1.2范围相同
Foundry moulders manufacture cores for metal moulds, which are used to fill a space in the mould that must remain unfilled during casting. They use wood, plastic or other materials to create the core, selected to withstand the extreme environment of a metal mould.
- moulding machine operatorESCO 7223.13本职业范围更宽
Moulding machine operators operate machines that are part of the production process of moulds for the manufacturing of castings or other moulded materials. They tend the mouldmaking machines that use the appropriate materials such as sand, plastics, or ceramics to obtain the moulding material. They may then use a pattern and one or more cores to produce the right shape impression in this material. The shaped material is then left to set, later to be used as a mould in the production of moulded products such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal castings.
- casting mould makerESCO 7222.1有重叠，但不相同
Casting mould makers create metal, wooden or plastic models of the finished product to be cast. The patterns are then used to create moulds, eventually leading to the casting of the product of the same shape as the pattern.
- coquille casting workerESCO 7211.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Coquille casting workers manufacture castings, including pipes, tubes, hollow profiles and other products of the first processing of steel, by operating hand-controlled equipment in a foundry. They conduct the flow of molten ferrous and non-ferrous metals into coquilles, taking care to create the exact right circumstances to obtain the highest quality metal. They observe the flow of metal to identify faults. In case of a fault, they notify the authorised personnel and participate in the removal of the fault.
- foundry operativeESCO 7211.1有重叠，但不相同
Foundry operative manufacture castings, including pipes, tubes, hollow profiles and other products of the first processing of steel, by operating hand-controlled equipment in a foundry. They conduct the flow of molten ferrous and non-ferrous metals into moulds, taking care to create the exact right circumstances to obtain the highest quality metal. They observe the flow of metal to identify faults. In case of a fault, they notify the authorised personnel and participate in the removal of the fault.
- mouldmakerESCO 7211.1.3有重叠，但不相同
Mouldmakers manually create moulds for the production of metal products. They mix sand and hardening materials to obtain a specialised mixture. They then use a pattern and one or more cores to produce the right shape impression in this material. The shaped material is then left to set, later to be used as a mould in the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metal castings.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2910 | Mouleur noyauteur / Mouleuse noyauteuse machine | 范围相同暂定 |
| H2907 | Fondeur / Fondeuse en métallurgie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7311 | Moldeadores y macheros | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 24142 | Berufe in der handwerklichen Metall- und Glockengießerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 24132 | Berufe in der industriellen Gießerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 24133 | Berufe in der industriellen Gießerei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 522 | 鋳物製造・鍛造従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源