Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4072.00
Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.13–0.17· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7211Metal Moulders and Coremakers0.13
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 32 项工作已评分任务 33 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（12.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Read specifications, blueprints, and work orders to determine setups, temperatures, and time settings required to mold, form, or cast plastic materials, as well as to plan production sequences.51-4072.00 | 0.0020100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Inventory and record quantities of materials and finished products, requisitioning additional supplies as necessary.O*NET Task ID 10189 | 1.0 |
Measure and visually inspect products for surface and dimension defects to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments.O*NET Task ID 10174 | 0.5 |
Read specifications, blueprints, and work orders to determine setups, temperatures, and time settings required to mold, form, or cast plastic materials, as well as to plan production sequences.O*NET Task ID 10186 | 0.5 |
Maintain inventories of materials.O*NET Task ID 10199 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Observe continuous operation of automatic machines to ensure that products meet specifications and to detect jams or malfunctions, making adjustments as necessary. | 核心 |
| Measure and visually inspect products for surface and dimension defects to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments. | 核心 |
| Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. | 核心 |
| Turn valves and dials of machines to regulate pressure, temperature, and speed and feed rates, and to set cycle times. | 核心 |
| Observe meters and gauges to verify and record temperatures, pressures, and press-cycle times. | 核心 |
| Read specifications, blueprints, and work orders to determine setups, temperatures, and time settings required to mold, form, or cast plastic materials, as well as to plan production sequences. | 核心 |
| Remove parts, such as dies, from machines after production runs are finished. | 核心 |
| Connect water hoses to cooling systems of dies, using hand tools. | 核心 |
| Smooth and clean inner surfaces of molds, using brushes, scrapers, air hoses, or grinding wheels, and fill imperfections with refractory material. | 核心 |
| Perform maintenance work such as cleaning and oiling machines. | 核心 |
| Position and secure workpieces on machines, and start feeding mechanisms. | 补充 |
| Remove finished or cured products from dies or molds, using hand tools, air hoses, and other equipment, stamping identifying information on products when necessary. | 补充 |
| Skim or pour dross, slag, or impurities from molten metal, using ladles, rakes, hoes, spatulas, or spoons. | 补充 |
| Trim excess material from parts, using knives, and grind scrap plastic into powder for reuse. | 补充 |
| Cool products after processing to prevent distortion. | 补充 |
| Install dies onto machines or presses and coat dies with parting agents, according to work order specifications. | 补充 |
| Mix and measure compounds, or weigh premixed compounds, and dump them into machine tubs, cavities, or molds. | 补充 |
| Spray, smoke, or coat molds with compounds to lubricate or insulate molds, using acetylene torches or sprayers. | 补充 |
| Adjust equipment and workpiece holding fixtures, such as mold frames, tubs, and cutting tables, to ensure proper functioning. | 补充 |
| Inventory and record quantities of materials and finished products, requisitioning additional supplies as necessary. | 补充 |
| Pour or load metal or sand into melting pots, furnaces, molds, or hoppers, using shovels, ladles, or machines. | 补充 |
| Unload finished products from conveyor belts, pack them in containers, and place containers in warehouses. | 补充 |
| Preheat tools, dies, plastic materials, or patterns, using blowtorches or other equipment. | 补充 |
| Operate hoists to position dies or patterns on foundry floors. | 补充 |
| Obtain and move specified patterns to work stations, manually or using hoists, and secure patterns to machines, using wrenches. | 补充 |
| Repair or replace damaged molds, pipes, belts, chains, or other equipment, using hand tools, hand-powered presses, or jib cranes. | 补充 |
| Maintain inventories of materials. | 补充 |
| Select coolants and lubricants, and start their flow. | 补充 |
| Select and install blades, tools, or other attachments for each operation. | 补充 |
1.16/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Observe continuous operation of automatic machines to ensure that products meet specifications and to detect jams or malfunctions, making adjustments as necessary. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Measure and visually inspect products for surface and dimension defects to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Turn valves and dials of machines to regulate pressure, temperature, and speed and feed rates, and to set cycle times. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Remove parts, such as dies, from machines after production runs are finished. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Connect water hoses to cooling systems of dies, using hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Smooth and clean inner surfaces of molds, using brushes, scrapers, air hoses, or grinding wheels, and fill imperfections with refractory material. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform maintenance work such as cleaning and oiling machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position and secure workpieces on machines, and start feeding mechanisms. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove finished or cured products from dies or molds, using hand tools, air hoses, and other equipment, stamping identifying information on products when necessary. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Skim or pour dross, slag, or impurities from molten metal, using ladles, rakes, hoes, spatulas, or spoons. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Trim excess material from parts, using knives, and grind scrap plastic into powder for reuse. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cool products after processing to prevent distortion. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install dies onto machines or presses and coat dies with parting agents, according to work order specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix and measure compounds, or weigh premixed compounds, and dump them into machine tubs, cavities, or molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Spray, smoke, or coat molds with compounds to lubricate or insulate molds, using acetylene torches or sprayers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust equipment and workpiece holding fixtures, such as mold frames, tubs, and cutting tables, to ensure proper functioning. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Pour or load metal or sand into melting pots, furnaces, molds, or hoppers, using shovels, ladles, or machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Unload finished products from conveyor belts, pack them in containers, and place containers in warehouses. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Preheat tools, dies, plastic materials, or patterns, using blowtorches or other equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate hoists to position dies or patterns on foundry floors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Obtain and move specified patterns to work stations, manually or using hoists, and secure patterns to machines, using wrenches. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Repair or replace damaged molds, pipes, belts, chains, or other equipment, using hand tools, hand-powered presses, or jib cranes. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Maintain inventories of materials. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Select coolants and lubricants, and start their flow. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Select and install blades, tools, or other attachments for each operation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 150K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 145K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -3.4%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $44,350
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 83231 | 플라스틱 사출기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84110 | 주조기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7211Metal Moulders and Coremakers
金属造型工和制芯工
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators
塑料制品机器操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- blow moulding machine operatorESCO 8142.1本职业范围更宽
Blow moulding machine operators operate and monitor blow moulding machine to mould plastic goods, according to requirements. They regulate temperature, air pressure and volume of plastic, according to specifications. Blow moulding machine operators remove finished products and cut away excess material, using a knife. They regrind surplus material and rejected workpieces for reuse, using a grinding machine.
- casting machine operatorESCO 8121.1本职业范围更宽
Casting machine operators operate casting machines to manipulate metal substances into shape. They set up and tend casting machines to process molten ferrous and non-ferrous metals to manufacture metal materials. They conduct the flow of molten metals into casts, taking care to create the exact right circumstances to obtain the highest quality metal. They observe the flow of metal to identify faults. In case of a fault, they notify the authorised personnel and participate in the removal of the fault.
- moulding machine operatorESCO 7223.13本职业范围更宽
Moulding machine operators operate machines that are part of the production process of moulds for the manufacturing of castings or other moulded materials. They tend the mouldmaking machines that use the appropriate materials such as sand, plastics, or ceramics to obtain the moulding material. They may then use a pattern and one or more cores to produce the right shape impression in this material. The shaped material is then left to set, later to be used as a mould in the production of moulded products such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal castings.
- optical disc moulding machine operatorESCO 8142.7.1本职业范围更宽
Optical disc moulding machine operators tend moulding machines that melts polycarbonate pellets and inject the plastic into a mould cavity. The plastic is then cooled and solidifies, bearing the marks that can be digitally read.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H3201 | Plasturgiste | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| H3204 | Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| H2907 | Fondeur / Fondeuse en métallurgie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H3202 | Monteur régleur / Monteuse régleuse en plasturgie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 8142 | Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 7323 | Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas-herramienta | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 8121 | Operadores en instalaciones para la obtención y transformación de metales | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 22102 | Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 24132 | Berufe in der industriellen Gießerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 492 | 鋳物製造・鍛造設備制御・監視員 | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 538 | ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者 | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 508 | ゴム・プラスチック製品生産設備制御・監視員 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 522 | 鋳物製造・鍛造従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源