Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4191.00
Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17–0.26· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators0.26
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 29 项工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（15.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 3 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Test parts for hardness, using hardness testing equipment, or by examining and feeling samples.51-4191.00 | 0.0017100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Read production schedules and work orders to determine processing sequences, furnace temperatures, and heat cycle requirements for objects to be heat-treated.O*NET Task ID 12087 | 1.0 |
Record times that parts are removed from furnaces to document that objects have attained specified temperatures for specified times.O*NET Task ID 12088 | 1.0 |
Determine types and temperatures of baths and quenching media needed to attain specified part hardness, toughness, and ductility, using heat-treating charts and knowledge of methods, equipment, and metals.O*NET Task ID 12090 | 1.0 |
Determine flame temperatures, current frequencies, heating cycles, and induction heating coils needed, based on degree of hardness required and properties of stock to be treated.O*NET Task ID 12095 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（23 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Read production schedules and work orders to determine processing sequences, furnace temperatures, and heat cycle requirements for objects to be heat-treated. | 核心 |
| Record times that parts are removed from furnaces to document that objects have attained specified temperatures for specified times. | 核心 |
| Set up and operate or tend machines, such as furnaces, baths, flame-hardening machines, and electronic induction machines, that harden, anneal, and heat-treat metal. | 核心 |
| Remove parts from furnaces after specified times, and air dry or cool parts in water, oil brine, or other baths. | 核心 |
| Instruct new workers in machine operation. | 核心 |
| Adjust controls to maintain temperatures and heating times, using thermal instruments and charts, dials and gauges of furnaces, and color of stock in furnaces to make setting determinations. | 核心 |
| Move controls to light gas burners and to adjust gas and water flow and flame temperature. | 核心 |
| Start conveyors and open furnace doors to load stock, or signal crane operators to uncover soaking pits and lower ingots into them. | 核心 |
| Determine types and temperatures of baths and quenching media needed to attain specified part hardness, toughness, and ductility, using heat-treating charts and knowledge of methods, equipment, and metals. | 补充 |
| Position stock in furnaces, using tongs, chain hoists, or pry bars. | 补充 |
| Determine flame temperatures, current frequencies, heating cycles, and induction heating coils needed, based on degree of hardness required and properties of stock to be treated. | 补充 |
| Load parts into containers and place containers on conveyors to be inserted into furnaces, or insert parts into furnaces. | 补充 |
| Mount workpieces in fixtures, on arbors, or between centers of machines. | 补充 |
| Reduce heat when processing is complete to allow parts to cool in furnaces or machinery. | 补充 |
| Signal forklift operators to deposit or extract containers of parts into and from furnaces and quenching rinse tanks. | 补充 |
| Test parts for hardness, using hardness testing equipment, or by examining and feeling samples. | 补充 |
| Examine parts to ensure metal shades and colors conform to specifications, using knowledge of metal heat-treating. | 补充 |
| Repair, replace, and maintain furnace equipment as needed, using hand tools. | 补充 |
| Heat billets, bars, plates, rods, and other stock to specified temperatures preparatory to forging, rolling, or processing, using oil, gas, or electrical furnaces. | 补充 |
| Clean oxides and scales from parts or fittings, using steam sprays or chemical and water baths. | 补充 |
| Stamp heat-treatment identification marks on parts, using hammers and punches. | 补充 |
| Set and adjust speeds of reels and conveyors for prescribed time cycles to pass parts through continuous furnaces. | 补充 |
| Mount fixtures and industrial coils on machines, using hand tools. | 补充 |
0.84/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Set up and operate or tend machines, such as furnaces, baths, flame-hardening machines, and electronic induction machines, that harden, anneal, and heat-treat metal. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove parts from furnaces after specified times, and air dry or cool parts in water, oil brine, or other baths. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust controls to maintain temperatures and heating times, using thermal instruments and charts, dials and gauges of furnaces, and color of stock in furnaces to make setting determinations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Move controls to light gas burners and to adjust gas and water flow and flame temperature. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Start conveyors and open furnace doors to load stock, or signal crane operators to uncover soaking pits and lower ingots into them. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position stock in furnaces, using tongs, chain hoists, or pry bars. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Load parts into containers and place containers on conveyors to be inserted into furnaces, or insert parts into furnaces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mount workpieces in fixtures, on arbors, or between centers of machines. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Reduce heat when processing is complete to allow parts to cool in furnaces or machinery. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Test parts for hardness, using hardness testing equipment, or by examining and feeling samples. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine parts to ensure metal shades and colors conform to specifications, using knowledge of metal heat-treating. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Repair, replace, and maintain furnace equipment as needed, using hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Heat billets, bars, plates, rods, and other stock to specified temperatures preparatory to forging, rolling, or processing, using oil, gas, or electrical furnaces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean oxides and scales from parts or fittings, using steam sprays or chemical and water baths. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Stamp heat-treatment identification marks on parts, using hammers and punches. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set and adjust speeds of reels and conveyors for prescribed time cycles to pass parts through continuous furnaces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mount fixtures and industrial coils on machines, using hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 14K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 13K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -9.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $48,750
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84155 | 금속 열처리로 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84159 | 그 외 금속가공 기계 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators
金属加工厂操作工
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators
塑料制品机器操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- heat treatment furnace operatorESCO 7223.9本职业范围更宽
Heat treatment furnace operators monitor the process of heat treatment of castings. They control the treatment furnaces and direct all activities of furnace operation, including the interpretation of computer data, temperature measurement and adjustment, and loading vessels. They control the chemicothermal treatment of castings in order to reach the standards.
- metal furnace operatorESCO 3135.1本职业范围更宽
Metal furnace operators monitor the process of making metal before it is cast into forms. They control metal making furnaces and direct all activities of furnace operation, including the interpretation of computer data, temperature measurement and adjustment, loading vessels, and adding iron, oxygen, and other additives to be melted into the desired metal composition. They control the chemicothermal treatment of the metal in order to reach the standards. In case of observed faults in the metal, they notify the authorised personnel and participate in the removal of the fault.
- plastic heat treatment equipment operatorESCO 8142.10本职业范围更宽
Plastic heat treatment equipment operators manipulate plastic products using machinery such as furnaces or flame-hardening machines in order to temper, anneal or heat-treat. They set up the machinery and read the production instructions to determine the furnace temperature. Plastic heat treatment equipment operators remove products from machines, let them cool down, examine and test products to see if they conform to specifications.
- metal annealerESCO 8121.3有重叠，但不相同
Metal annealers operate electric or gas kilns to soften metal so it can be cut and shaped more easily. They heat the metal to a specific temperature and / or colour and then slowly cool it, both according to specifications. Metal annealers inspect the metals through the entire process to observe any flaws.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H3403 | Opérateur / Opératrice de traitement thermique | 范围相同 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 8121 | Operadores en instalaciones para la obtención y transformación de metales | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 3135 | Técnicos en control de procesos de producción de metales | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 24302 | Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 24301 | Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 529 | その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品） | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 499 | その他の生産設備制御・監視従事者（金属製品） | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源