Prepress Technicians and Workers
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-5111.00
Format and proof text and images submitted by designers and clients into finished pages that can be printed. Includes digital and photo typesetting. May produce printing plates.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.102
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.38
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 14 项工作已评分任务 25 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 21 项（84.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 10 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Enter, store, and retrieve information on computer-aided equipment.51-5111.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.0100100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Enter, store, and retrieve information on computer-aided equipment.O*NET Task ID 10402 | 1.0 |
Enter, position, and alter text size, using computers, to make up and arrange pages so that printed materials can be produced.O*NET Task ID 10403 | 0.5 |
Examine photographic images for obvious imperfections prior to plate making.O*NET Task ID 10406 | 0.5 |
Operate presses to print proofs of plates, monitoring printing quality to ensure that it is adequate.O*NET Task ID 10407 | 0.5 |
Examine unexposed photographic plates to detect flaws or foreign particles prior to printing.O*NET Task ID 10410 | 0.5 |
Examine finished plates to detect flaws, verify conformity with master plates, and measure dot sizes and centers, using light boxes and microscopes.O*NET Task ID 10412 | 0.5 |
Perform close alignment or registration of double and single flats to sensitized plates prior to exposure to produce composite images.O*NET Task ID 10413 | 0.5 |
Inspect developed film for specified results and quality, using magnifying glasses and scopes, forwarding acceptable negatives or positives to other workers or to customers.O*NET Task ID 10416 | 0.5 |
Mount negatives and plates in cameras, set exposure controls, and expose plates to light through negatives to transfer images onto plates.O*NET Task ID 10420 | 0.5 |
Operate and maintain a variety of cameras and equipment, such as process, line, halftone, and color separation cameras, enlargers, electronic scanners, and contact equipment.O*NET Task ID 10421 | 0.5 |
Perform tests to determine lengths of exposures, by exposing plates, scanning line copy, and comparing exposures to tone range scales.O*NET Task ID 10422 | 0.5 |
Activate scanners to produce positive or negative films for the black-and-white, cyan, yellow, and magenta separations from each original copy.O*NET Task ID 10424 | 0.5 |
Select proper types of plates according to press run lengths.O*NET Task ID 10425 | 0.5 |
Analyze originals to evaluate color density, gradation highlights, middle tones, and shadows, using densitometers and knowledge of light and color.O*NET Task ID 10427 | 0.5 |
Set scanners to specific color densities, sizes, screen rulings, and exposure adjustments, using scanner keyboards or computers.O*NET Task ID 10428 | 0.5 |
Perform minor deletions, additions, or corrections to completed plates, on or off printing presses, using tusche, printing ink, erasers, and needles.O*NET Task ID 10429 | 0.5 |
Arrange and mount typeset material and illustrations into paste-ups for printing reproduction, based on artists' or editors' layouts.O*NET Task ID 10432 | 0.5 |
Scale copy for reductions and enlargements, using proportion wheels.O*NET Task ID 10433 | 0.5 |
Generate prepress proofs in digital or other format to approximate the appearance of the final printed piece.O*NET Task ID 20927 | 0.5 |
Proofread and perform quality control of text and images.O*NET Task ID 20928 | 0.5 |
Perform "preflight" check of required font, graphic, text and image files to ensure completeness prior to delivery to printer.O*NET Task ID 20929 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（15 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Enter, store, and retrieve information on computer-aided equipment. | 核心 |
| Enter, position, and alter text size, using computers, to make up and arrange pages so that printed materials can be produced. | 核心 |
| Maintain, adjust, and clean equipment, and perform minor repairs. | 核心 |
| Operate and maintain laser plate-making equipment that converts electronic data to plates without the use of film. | 核心 |
| Generate prepress proofs in digital or other format to approximate the appearance of the final printed piece. | 核心 |
| Proofread and perform quality control of text and images. | 核心 |
| Perform "preflight" check of required font, graphic, text and image files to ensure completeness prior to delivery to printer. | 核心 |
| Examine photographic images for obvious imperfections prior to plate making. | 补充 |
| Operate presses to print proofs of plates, monitoring printing quality to ensure that it is adequate. | 补充 |
| Examine unexposed photographic plates to detect flaws or foreign particles prior to printing. | 补充 |
| Examine finished plates to detect flaws, verify conformity with master plates, and measure dot sizes and centers, using light boxes and microscopes. | 补充 |
| Select proper types of plates according to press run lengths. | 补充 |
| Analyze originals to evaluate color density, gradation highlights, middle tones, and shadows, using densitometers and knowledge of light and color. | 补充 |
| Set scanners to specific color densities, sizes, screen rulings, and exposure adjustments, using scanner keyboards or computers. | 补充 |
| Scale copy for reductions and enlargements, using proportion wheels. | 补充 |
0.47/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Maintain, adjust, and clean equipment, and perform minor repairs. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Operate and maintain laser plate-making equipment that converts electronic data to plates without the use of film. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Generate prepress proofs in digital or other format to approximate the appearance of the final printed piece. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Operate presses to print proofs of plates, monitoring printing quality to ensure that it is adequate. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Examine unexposed photographic plates to detect flaws or foreign particles prior to printing. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine finished plates to detect flaws, verify conformity with master plates, and measure dot sizes and centers, using light boxes and microscopes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 25K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 21K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -15.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $48,690
- 入职通常所需学历
- Postsecondary nondegree award
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 79991 | 인쇄 관련 기능 종사원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7321Pre-press Technicians
印前技术员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Pre-press technicians proof, format, set and compose text and graphics into a form suitable for use in various printing processes and representation in other visual media.
任务
- (a) operating graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce camera-ready copy onto films, plates and digital output devices;
- (b) using computer applications to generate images, text, layouts and impositions for print and other visual media displays;
- (c) operating plate making equipment to reproduce images from film to printing plates, digital output devices and presses;
- (d) operating computer screen-based equipment for scanning, colour separation, colour correction, masking, creative design, combining, imposing, retouching, and other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate, digital output and cylinder productions;
- (e) carrying out digital and chemical proofing from digital systems, and negative and positive films;
- (f) evaluating printed proofs, checking and correcting them for quality;
- (g) preparing and exposing carbon tissue for laying on cylinders by transfer method, and developing images.
职业示例
Compositor · Desktop publishing operator · Electronic pre-press technician · Photogravurist · Photolithographer · Plate maker (printing) · Plate mounter (screen printing) · Screen maker · Typesetter
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- imagesetterESCO 7321.1.1本职业范围更宽
Imagesetters process images and graphic templates by using phototypesetting machines. They optimise the templates for the best possible result by determining the right arrangement of text and image on the print sheet. The product is then set onto photo paper or film.
- prepress technicianESCO 7321.1本职业范围更宽
Prepress technicians prepare printing processes by formatting, setting and composing text and graphics into a suitable form. This includes the capture of text and image and processing it electronically. They also prepare, maintain and troubleshoot printing presses.
- typesetterESCO 7321.1.6本职业范围更宽
Typesetters ensure that printed text is correctly set and visually pleasing. While typesetting was originally done manually and later employed techniques like linotype and phototypesetting, almost all typesetting is now done digitally using design programs or specialised typesetting programs.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| E1306 | Opérateur / Opératrice de prépresse | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| E1308 | Technicien / Technicienne des industries graphiques | 相关，但不对应 |
| E1303 | Chef / Cheffe de fabrication en industrie graphique | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| E1305 | Préparateur-correcteur / Préparatrice-correctrice en industrie graphique | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7621 | Trabajadores de procesos de preimpresión | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 23212 | Berufe in der Digital- und Printmediengestaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 23282 | Berufe in der technischen Mediengestaltung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 537 | 印刷・製本従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源