Printing Press Operators

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-5112.00

Set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic, gravure, or other printing machines. Includes short-run offset printing presses.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.25

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 23 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 10 项（43.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Adjust digital files to alter print elements, such as fonts, graphics, or color separations.

51-5112.00

0.0055100.0
Not observed on any surface — 22 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Adjust ink fountain flow rates.
—0
Change press plates, blankets, or cylinders, as required.
—0
Clean ink fountains, plates, or printing unit cylinders when press runs are completed.
—0
Clean or oil presses or make minor repairs, using hand tools.
—0
Collect and inspect random samples during print runs to identify any necessary adjustments.
—0
Examine job orders to determine quantities to be printed, stock specifications, colors, or special printing instructions.
—0
Feed paper through press cylinders and adjust feed and tension controls.
—0
Load presses with paper and make necessary adjustments, according to paper size.
—0
Monitor automated press operation systems and respond to fault, error, or alert messages.
—0
Obtain or mix inks and fill ink fountains.
—0
Secure printing plates to printing units and adjust tolerances.
—0
Start presses and pull proofs to check for ink coverage and density, alignment, and registration.
—0
Verify that paper and ink meet the specifications for a given job.
—0
Maintain time or production records.
—0
Download or scan files to be printed, using printing production software.
—0
Input production job settings into workstation terminals that control automated printing systems.
—0
Control workflow scheduling or job tracking, using computer database software.
—0
Direct or monitor work of press crews.
—0
Download completed jobs to archive media so that questions can be answered or jobs replicated.
—0
Monitor environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature, that may impact equipment performance and make necessary adjustments.
—0
Monitor inventory levels on a regular basis, ordering or requesting additional supplies, as necessary.
—0
Set up or operate auxiliary equipment, such as cutting, folding, plate-making, drilling, or laminating machines.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（23 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Adjust ink fountain flow rates.核心
Change press plates, blankets, or cylinders, as required.核心
Clean ink fountains, plates, or printing unit cylinders when press runs are completed.核心
Clean or oil presses or make minor repairs, using hand tools.核心
Collect and inspect random samples during print runs to identify any necessary adjustments.核心
Examine job orders to determine quantities to be printed, stock specifications, colors, or special printing instructions.核心
Feed paper through press cylinders and adjust feed and tension controls.核心
Input production job settings into workstation terminals that control automated printing systems.核心
Load presses with paper and make necessary adjustments, according to paper size.核心
Monitor automated press operation systems and respond to fault, error, or alert messages.核心
Obtain or mix inks and fill ink fountains.核心
Secure printing plates to printing units and adjust tolerances.核心
Start presses and pull proofs to check for ink coverage and density, alignment, and registration.核心
Verify that paper and ink meet the specifications for a given job.核心
Maintain time or production records.核心
Monitor environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature, that may impact equipment performance and make necessary adjustments.核心
Monitor inventory levels on a regular basis, ordering or requesting additional supplies, as necessary.核心
Adjust digital files to alter print elements, such as fonts, graphics, or color separations.补充
Download or scan files to be printed, using printing production software.补充
Control workflow scheduling or job tracking, using computer database software.补充
Direct or monitor work of press crews.补充
Download completed jobs to archive media so that questions can be answered or jobs replicated.补充
Set up or operate auxiliary equipment, such as cutting, folding, plate-making, drilling, or laminating machines.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
144K
预计就业人数，2035
131K
变化 (2025–35)
-8.7%
年薪中位数，2025
$45,780
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
89210인쇄 관련 기계 조작원本职业范围更窄已确认
82123날염기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7322Printers

    印刷工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • digital printerESCO 7322.1本职业范围更宽

    Digital printers work with machines that print directly to the medium, without an intervening plate. Digital printers usually use laser or inkjet technology to print individual pages without lengthy or labour intensive technical steps intervening between the finished digital product and the print.

  • flexographic press operatorESCO 7322.2本职业范围更宽

    Flexographic press operators use flexographic relief plate to print on almost any material. The relief plate is inked and pressed onto the material to be printed.

  • gravure press operatorESCO 7322.3本职业范围更宽

    Gravure press operators work with gravure presses, where the image is engraved directly on a roll. They set up the press and monitor it during the operation, taking care of safety and resolving problems.

  • hot foil operatorESCO 7322.4本职业范围更宽

    Hot foil operators tend machines which apply a metallic foil on other materials using pressure cylinders and heating. They also mix colors, set up the appropriate machinery equipment and monitor printing.

  • lithographerESCO 7321.1.2本职业范围更宽

    Lithographers make and prepare metal plates to be used as the original in various printing processes and media. Plates are usually laser-etched from digital sources with computer-to-plate technology, but can also be made by applying types of emulsions to the printing plate.

  • offset printerESCO 7322.5本职业范围更宽

    Offset printers handle an offset press in order to print an image. The offset press transfers an inked image from the plate to a rubber blanket before to print it onto the printing surface.

  • paper embosing press operatorESCO 7322.6本职业范围更宽

    Paper embossing press operators use a press to raise or recess certain areas of the medium, so as to create relief on the print. Two matching engraved dies are placed around the paper and pressure is applied to change the surface of the material.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
E1301Conducteur / Conductrice de machines d'impression范围相同
E1316Conducteur / Conductrice de machines à sérigraphier本职业范围更宽
H2408Imprimeur / Imprimeuse textile本职业范围更宽暂定
E1308Technicien / Technicienne des industries graphiques相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7622Trabajadores de procesos de impresión范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
23412Berufe in der Drucktechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten范围相同暂定
23411Berufe in der Drucktechnik - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
537印刷・製本従事者本职业范围更窄
507印刷・製本設備制御・監視員有重叠，但不相同

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源