Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-6011.00

Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draperies, linens, rugs, and carpets. Includes spotters and dyers of these articles.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.16

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（9.4%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Test fabrics in inconspicuous places to determine whether solvents will damage dyes or fabrics.

51-6011.00

0.0022100.0
Not observed on any surface — 31 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Receive and mark articles for laundry or dry cleaning with identifying code numbers or names, using hand or machine markers.
—0
Start washers, dry cleaners, driers, or extractors, and turn valves or levers to regulate machine processes and the volume of soap, detergent, water, bleach, starch, and other additives.
—0
Sort and count articles removed from dryers, and fold, wrap, or hang them.
—0
Examine and sort into lots articles to be cleaned, according to color, fabric, dirt content, and cleaning technique required.
—0
Load articles into washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to perform loading.
—0
Clean machine filters, and lubricate equipment.
—0
Remove items from washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to do so.
—0
Operate extractors and driers, or direct their operation.
—0
Mix and add detergents, dyes, bleaches, starches, and other solutions and chemicals to clean, color, dry, or stiffen articles.
—0
Inspect soiled articles to determine sources of stains, to locate color imperfections, and to identify items requiring special treatment.
—0
Determine spotting procedures and proper solvents, based on fabric and stain types.
—0
Spray steam, water, or air over spots to flush out chemicals, dry material, raise naps, or brighten colors.
—0
Operate dry-cleaning machines to clean soiled articles.
—0
Pre-soak, sterilize, scrub, spot-clean, and dry contaminated or stained articles, using neutralizer solutions and portable machines.
—0
Start pumps to operate distilling systems that drain and reclaim dry cleaning solvents.
—0
Operate machines that comb, dry and polish furs, clean, sterilize and fluff feathers and blankets, or roll and package towels.
—0
Spread soiled articles on work tables, and position stained portions over vacuum heads or on marble slabs.
—0
Sprinkle chemical solvents over stains, and pat areas with brushes or sponges to remove stains.
—0
Apply bleaching powders to spots and spray them with steam to remove stains from fabrics that do not respond to other cleaning solvents.
—0
Mix bleaching agents with hot water in vats, and soak material until it is bleached.
—0
Match sample colors, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye properties, and types, construction, conditions, and colors of articles.
—0
Apply chemicals to neutralize the effects of solvents.
—0
Identify articles' fabrics and original dyes by sight and touch, or by testing samples with fire or chemical reagents.
—0
Dye articles to change or restore their colors, using knowledge of textile compositions and the properties and effects of bleaches and dyes.
—0
Iron or press articles, fabrics, and furs, using hand irons or pressing machines.
—0
Hang curtains, drapes, blankets, pants, and other garments on stretch frames to dry.
—0
Wash, dry-clean, or glaze delicate articles or fur garment linings by hand, using mild detergents or dry cleaning solutions.
—0
Rinse articles in water and acetic acid solutions to remove excess dye and to fix colors.
—0
Mend and sew articles, using hand stitching, adhesive patches, or sewing machines.
—0
Immerse articles in bleaching baths to strip colors.
—0
Clean fabrics, using vacuums or air hoses.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（32 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Start washers, dry cleaners, driers, or extractors, and turn valves or levers to regulate machine processes and the volume of soap, detergent, water, bleach, starch, and other additives.核心
Sort and count articles removed from dryers, and fold, wrap, or hang them.核心
Examine and sort into lots articles to be cleaned, according to color, fabric, dirt content, and cleaning technique required.核心
Load articles into washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to perform loading.核心
Clean machine filters, and lubricate equipment.核心
Remove items from washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to do so.核心
Operate extractors and driers, or direct their operation.核心
Inspect soiled articles to determine sources of stains, to locate color imperfections, and to identify items requiring special treatment.核心
Determine spotting procedures and proper solvents, based on fabric and stain types.核心
Sprinkle chemical solvents over stains, and pat areas with brushes or sponges to remove stains.核心
Receive and mark articles for laundry or dry cleaning with identifying code numbers or names, using hand or machine markers.补充
Mix and add detergents, dyes, bleaches, starches, and other solutions and chemicals to clean, color, dry, or stiffen articles.补充
Spray steam, water, or air over spots to flush out chemicals, dry material, raise naps, or brighten colors.补充
Operate dry-cleaning machines to clean soiled articles.补充
Test fabrics in inconspicuous places to determine whether solvents will damage dyes or fabrics.补充
Pre-soak, sterilize, scrub, spot-clean, and dry contaminated or stained articles, using neutralizer solutions and portable machines.补充
Start pumps to operate distilling systems that drain and reclaim dry cleaning solvents.补充
Operate machines that comb, dry and polish furs, clean, sterilize and fluff feathers and blankets, or roll and package towels.补充
Spread soiled articles on work tables, and position stained portions over vacuum heads or on marble slabs.补充
Apply bleaching powders to spots and spray them with steam to remove stains from fabrics that do not respond to other cleaning solvents.补充
Mix bleaching agents with hot water in vats, and soak material until it is bleached.补充
Match sample colors, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye properties, and types, construction, conditions, and colors of articles.补充
Apply chemicals to neutralize the effects of solvents.补充
Identify articles' fabrics and original dyes by sight and touch, or by testing samples with fire or chemical reagents.补充
Dye articles to change or restore their colors, using knowledge of textile compositions and the properties and effects of bleaches and dyes.补充
Iron or press articles, fabrics, and furs, using hand irons or pressing machines.补充
Hang curtains, drapes, blankets, pants, and other garments on stretch frames to dry.补充
Wash, dry-clean, or glaze delicate articles or fur garment linings by hand, using mild detergents or dry cleaning solutions.补充
Rinse articles in water and acetic acid solutions to remove excess dye and to fix colors.补充
Mend and sew articles, using hand stitching, adhesive patches, or sewing machines.补充
Immerse articles in bleaching baths to strip colors.补充
Clean fabrics, using vacuums or air hoses.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
205K
预计就业人数，2035
214K
变化 (2025–35)
+4.3%
年薪中位数，2025
$34,890
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
82301드라이클리닝기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
82309그 외 세탁 기계 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
99920세탁원 및 다림질원本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 8157Laundry Machine Operators

    洗衣机器操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry cleaning, pressing and fabric treatment machines in laundries and dry-cleaning establishments.

任务

  • (a) sorting articles for cleaning according to the type, colour, fabric and cleaning treatment required;
  • (b) placing sorted articles into receptacles and onto conveyor belts for moving to repair and cleaning areas;
  • (c) checking and removing stains from garments, replacing buttons and making minor repairs;
  • (d) loading and unloading washing machines, driers and extractors;
  • (e) adding cleaning agents and starches to articles;
  • (f) smoothing articles and guiding them through cleaning and pressing machines;
  • (g) stopping and starting machines to untangle, straighten and remove articles;
  • (h) placing articles on shelves and hanging articles for delivery and collection;
  • (i) packaging articles and preparing orders for despatch.

职业示例

Dry-cleaning machine operator · Laundry machine operator · Pressing machine operator (laundry)

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • laundry workerESCO 8157.1范围相同

    Laundry workers operate and monitor machines that use chemicals to wash or dry-clean articles such as cloth and leather garments, linens, drapes or carpets, ensuring the color and texture of these articles is being maintained. They work in laundry shops and industrial laundry companies and sort the articles received from clients by fabric type. They also determine the cleaning technique to be applied.

  • laundromat attendantESCO 9629.5有重叠，但不相同

    Laundromat attendants assist the customers of self-servicing laundries with issues related to coin-machines, dryers or vending machines. They maintain the general cleanliness of the laundry.

  • laundry ironerESCO 8157.1.1有重叠，但不相同

    Laundry ironers re-shape clothing items and linen and remove creases from them by using irons, presses and steamers. They clean and maintain the ironing and drying area and organise the items accordingly.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
D1205Employé / Employée de pressing本职业范围更宽
D1226Nettoyeur / Nettoyeuse en cuir et peausserie本职业范围更宽
D1228Employé / Employée de laverie automatique本职业范围更宽
K2201Employé / Employée de blanchisserie industrielle本职业范围更宽
D1242Linger / Lingère本职业范围更宽暂定
D1229Responsable de pressing相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8170Operadores de máquinas de lavandería y tintorería范围相同
9221Limpiadores en seco a mano y afines相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
54132Berufe in der Textilreinigung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
54101Berufe in der Reinigung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
385クリーニング職范围相同
386洗張職本职业范围更宽暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源