Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-6011.00
Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draperies, linens, rugs, and carpets. Includes spotters and dyers of these articles.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.16
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 31 项工作已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（9.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Test fabrics in inconspicuous places to determine whether solvents will damage dyes or fabrics.51-6011.00 | 0.0025100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Determine spotting procedures and proper solvents, based on fabric and stain types.O*NET Task ID 12127 | 1.0 |
Inspect soiled articles to determine sources of stains, to locate color imperfections, and to identify items requiring special treatment.O*NET Task ID 12126 | 0.5 |
Match sample colors, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye properties, and types, construction, conditions, and colors of articles.O*NET Task ID 12138 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（32 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Start washers, dry cleaners, driers, or extractors, and turn valves or levers to regulate machine processes and the volume of soap, detergent, water, bleach, starch, and other additives. | 核心 |
| Sort and count articles removed from dryers, and fold, wrap, or hang them. | 核心 |
| Examine and sort into lots articles to be cleaned, according to color, fabric, dirt content, and cleaning technique required. | 核心 |
| Load articles into washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to perform loading. | 核心 |
| Clean machine filters, and lubricate equipment. | 核心 |
| Remove items from washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to do so. | 核心 |
| Operate extractors and driers, or direct their operation. | 核心 |
| Inspect soiled articles to determine sources of stains, to locate color imperfections, and to identify items requiring special treatment. | 核心 |
| Determine spotting procedures and proper solvents, based on fabric and stain types. | 核心 |
| Sprinkle chemical solvents over stains, and pat areas with brushes or sponges to remove stains. | 核心 |
| Receive and mark articles for laundry or dry cleaning with identifying code numbers or names, using hand or machine markers. | 补充 |
| Mix and add detergents, dyes, bleaches, starches, and other solutions and chemicals to clean, color, dry, or stiffen articles. | 补充 |
| Spray steam, water, or air over spots to flush out chemicals, dry material, raise naps, or brighten colors. | 补充 |
| Operate dry-cleaning machines to clean soiled articles. | 补充 |
| Test fabrics in inconspicuous places to determine whether solvents will damage dyes or fabrics. | 补充 |
| Pre-soak, sterilize, scrub, spot-clean, and dry contaminated or stained articles, using neutralizer solutions and portable machines. | 补充 |
| Start pumps to operate distilling systems that drain and reclaim dry cleaning solvents. | 补充 |
| Operate machines that comb, dry and polish furs, clean, sterilize and fluff feathers and blankets, or roll and package towels. | 补充 |
| Spread soiled articles on work tables, and position stained portions over vacuum heads or on marble slabs. | 补充 |
| Apply bleaching powders to spots and spray them with steam to remove stains from fabrics that do not respond to other cleaning solvents. | 补充 |
| Mix bleaching agents with hot water in vats, and soak material until it is bleached. | 补充 |
| Match sample colors, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye properties, and types, construction, conditions, and colors of articles. | 补充 |
| Apply chemicals to neutralize the effects of solvents. | 补充 |
| Identify articles' fabrics and original dyes by sight and touch, or by testing samples with fire or chemical reagents. | 补充 |
| Dye articles to change or restore their colors, using knowledge of textile compositions and the properties and effects of bleaches and dyes. | 补充 |
| Iron or press articles, fabrics, and furs, using hand irons or pressing machines. | 补充 |
| Hang curtains, drapes, blankets, pants, and other garments on stretch frames to dry. | 补充 |
| Wash, dry-clean, or glaze delicate articles or fur garment linings by hand, using mild detergents or dry cleaning solutions. | 补充 |
| Rinse articles in water and acetic acid solutions to remove excess dye and to fix colors. | 补充 |
| Mend and sew articles, using hand stitching, adhesive patches, or sewing machines. | 补充 |
| Immerse articles in bleaching baths to strip colors. | 补充 |
| Clean fabrics, using vacuums or air hoses. | 补充 |
0.87/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Receive and mark articles for laundry or dry cleaning with identifying code numbers or names, using hand or machine markers. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Start washers, dry cleaners, driers, or extractors, and turn valves or levers to regulate machine processes and the volume of soap, detergent, water, bleach, starch, and other additives. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Sort and count articles removed from dryers, and fold, wrap, or hang them. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine and sort into lots articles to be cleaned, according to color, fabric, dirt content, and cleaning technique required. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Load articles into washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to perform loading. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean machine filters, and lubricate equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove items from washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to do so. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate extractors and driers, or direct their operation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix and add detergents, dyes, bleaches, starches, and other solutions and chemicals to clean, color, dry, or stiffen articles. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Inspect soiled articles to determine sources of stains, to locate color imperfections, and to identify items requiring special treatment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Determine spotting procedures and proper solvents, based on fabric and stain types. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Spray steam, water, or air over spots to flush out chemicals, dry material, raise naps, or brighten colors. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Pre-soak, sterilize, scrub, spot-clean, and dry contaminated or stained articles, using neutralizer solutions and portable machines. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Operate machines that comb, dry and polish furs, clean, sterilize and fluff feathers and blankets, or roll and package towels. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Spread soiled articles on work tables, and position stained portions over vacuum heads or on marble slabs. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sprinkle chemical solvents over stains, and pat areas with brushes or sponges to remove stains. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Apply bleaching powders to spots and spray them with steam to remove stains from fabrics that do not respond to other cleaning solvents. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Mix bleaching agents with hot water in vats, and soak material until it is bleached. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Match sample colors, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye properties, and types, construction, conditions, and colors of articles. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Identify articles' fabrics and original dyes by sight and touch, or by testing samples with fire or chemical reagents. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Iron or press articles, fabrics, and furs, using hand irons or pressing machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Hang curtains, drapes, blankets, pants, and other garments on stretch frames to dry. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Immerse articles in bleaching baths to strip colors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 205K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 214K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $34,890
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 82301 | 드라이클리닝기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 82309 | 그 외 세탁 기계 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 99920 | 세탁원 및 다림질원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 8157Laundry Machine Operators
洗衣机器操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry cleaning, pressing and fabric treatment machines in laundries and dry-cleaning establishments.
任务
- (a) sorting articles for cleaning according to the type, colour, fabric and cleaning treatment required;
- (b) placing sorted articles into receptacles and onto conveyor belts for moving to repair and cleaning areas;
- (c) checking and removing stains from garments, replacing buttons and making minor repairs;
- (d) loading and unloading washing machines, driers and extractors;
- (e) adding cleaning agents and starches to articles;
- (f) smoothing articles and guiding them through cleaning and pressing machines;
- (g) stopping and starting machines to untangle, straighten and remove articles;
- (h) placing articles on shelves and hanging articles for delivery and collection;
- (i) packaging articles and preparing orders for despatch.
职业示例
Dry-cleaning machine operator · Laundry machine operator · Pressing machine operator (laundry)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- laundry workerESCO 8157.1范围相同
Laundry workers operate and monitor machines that use chemicals to wash or dry-clean articles such as cloth and leather garments, linens, drapes or carpets, ensuring the color and texture of these articles is being maintained. They work in laundry shops and industrial laundry companies and sort the articles received from clients by fabric type. They also determine the cleaning technique to be applied.
- laundromat attendantESCO 9629.5有重叠，但不相同
Laundromat attendants assist the customers of self-servicing laundries with issues related to coin-machines, dryers or vending machines. They maintain the general cleanliness of the laundry.
- laundry ironerESCO 8157.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Laundry ironers re-shape clothing items and linen and remove creases from them by using irons, presses and steamers. They clean and maintain the ironing and drying area and organise the items accordingly.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| D1205 | Employé / Employée de pressing | 本职业范围更宽 |
| D1226 | Nettoyeur / Nettoyeuse en cuir et peausserie | 本职业范围更宽 |
| D1228 | Employé / Employée de laverie automatique | 本职业范围更宽 |
| K2201 | Employé / Employée de blanchisserie industrielle | 本职业范围更宽 |
| D1242 | Linger / Lingère | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| D1229 | Responsable de pressing | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 8170 | Operadores de máquinas de lavandería y tintorería | 范围相同 |
| 9221 | Limpiadores en seco a mano y afines | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 54132 | Berufe in der Textilreinigung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 54101 | Berufe in der Reinigung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 385 | クリーニング職 | 范围相同 |
| 386 | 洗張職 | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源