Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-9022.00

Grind, sand, or polish, using hand tools or hand-held power tools, a variety of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastic, or glass objects. Includes chippers, buffers, and finishers.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.17–0.19· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 7224Metal Polishers, Wheel Grinders and Tool Sharpeners0.17
  • ISCO-08 7315Glass Makers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers0.19

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 20 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（5.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 3 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record product and processing data on specified forms.

O*NET Task ID 14335

1.0
Grind, sand, clean, or polish objects or parts to correct defects or to prepare surfaces for further finishing, using hand tools and power tools.

O*NET Task ID 14329

0.0
Mark defects, such as knotholes, cracks, and splits, for repair.

O*NET Task ID 14330

0.0
Move controls to adjust, start, or stop equipment during grinding and polishing processes.

O*NET Task ID 14331

0.0
Select files or other abrasives, according to materials, sizes and shapes of workpieces, amount of stock to be removed, finishes specified, and steps in finishing processes.

O*NET Task ID 14332

0.0
Measure and mark equipment, objects, or parts to ensure grinding and polishing standards are met.

O*NET Task ID 14333

0.0
Verify quality of finished workpieces by inspecting them, comparing them to templates, measuring their dimensions, or testing them in working machinery.

O*NET Task ID 14334

0.0
Trim, scrape, or deburr objects or parts, using chisels, scrapers, and other hand tools and equipment.

O*NET Task ID 14336

0.0
Remove completed workpieces from equipment or work tables, using hand tools, and place workpieces in containers.

O*NET Task ID 14337

0.0
Load and adjust workpieces onto equipment or work tables, using hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 14338

0.0
Transfer equipment, objects, or parts to specified work areas, using moving devices.

O*NET Task ID 14339

0.0
Study blueprints or layouts to determine how to lay out workpieces or saw out templates.

O*NET Task ID 14340

0.0
Apply solutions and chemicals to equipment, objects, or parts, using hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 14341

0.0
Spread emery powder or other polishing compounds on stone, or wet stone surfaces with hoses, and guide buffing wheels over stone to polish surfaces.

O*NET Task ID 14342

0.0
Wash grit from stone, using hoses.

O*NET Task ID 14343

0.0
Repair and maintain equipment, objects, or parts, using hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 14344

0.0
Sharpen abrasive grinding tools, using machines and hand tools.

O*NET Task ID 14345

0.0
File grooved, contoured, and irregular surfaces of metal objects, such as metalworking dies and machine parts, to conform to templates, other parts, layouts, or blueprint specifications.

O*NET Task ID 14346

0.0
Fill cracks or imperfections in marble with wax that matches the stone color.

O*NET Task ID 14347

0.0
Clean brass particles from files by drawing file cards through file grooves.

O*NET Task ID 14348

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Grind, sand, clean, or polish objects or parts to correct defects or to prepare surfaces for further finishing, using hand tools and power tools.核心
Mark defects, such as knotholes, cracks, and splits, for repair.核心
Move controls to adjust, start, or stop equipment during grinding and polishing processes.核心
Select files or other abrasives, according to materials, sizes and shapes of workpieces, amount of stock to be removed, finishes specified, and steps in finishing processes.核心
Measure and mark equipment, objects, or parts to ensure grinding and polishing standards are met.核心
Verify quality of finished workpieces by inspecting them, comparing them to templates, measuring their dimensions, or testing them in working machinery.核心
Trim, scrape, or deburr objects or parts, using chisels, scrapers, and other hand tools and equipment.核心
Load and adjust workpieces onto equipment or work tables, using hand tools.核心
Transfer equipment, objects, or parts to specified work areas, using moving devices.核心
Study blueprints or layouts to determine how to lay out workpieces or saw out templates.核心
Repair and maintain equipment, objects, or parts, using hand tools.核心
Sharpen abrasive grinding tools, using machines and hand tools.核心
File grooved, contoured, and irregular surfaces of metal objects, such as metalworking dies and machine parts, to conform to templates, other parts, layouts, or blueprint specifications.核心
Record product and processing data on specified forms.补充
Remove completed workpieces from equipment or work tables, using hand tools, and place workpieces in containers.补充
Apply solutions and chemicals to equipment, objects, or parts, using hand tools.补充
Clean brass particles from files by drawing file cards through file grooves.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
11K
预计就业人数，2035
9K
变化 (2025–35)
-19.2%
年薪中位数，2025
$42,660
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
93099그 외 제조 관련 단순 종사원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7224Metal Polishers, Wheel Grinders and Tool Sharpeners

    金属抛光工、砂轮磨工和工具磨锐工

  • ISCO-08 7315Glass Makers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers

    玻璃制造、切割、研磨和修整工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • glass polisherESCO 8181.9本职业范围更宽

    Glass polishers finish plate glass to make a variety of glass products. They polish the edges of the glass using grinding and polishing wheels, and spray solutions on glass or operate vacuum coating machines to provide a mirrored surface.

  • metal polisherESCO 7224.1本职业范围更宽

    Metal polishers use metal working equipment and machinery to polish and buff almost finished metal workpieces in order to enhance their smoothness and appearance and to remove oxidisation, tarnishing the metal after the other fabrication processes. They may operate equipment using diamond solutions, silicon-made polishing pads, or working wheels with a leather polishing strop, and tend to these materials ensuring their effectiveness.

  • stone polisherESCO 8114.7本职业范围更宽

    Stone polishers operate grinding and polishing tools and equipment in order to smooth stones.

  • tool grinderESCO 7224.2本职业范围更宽

    Tool grinder perform precision grinding processes on metal objects and tools. They grind, sharpen or smoothen metal surfaces using the appropriate tools and instruments. Tool grinders follow tooling instructions and assure the processed workpiece meets the necessary specifications.

  • wood sanderESCO 7523.5本职业范围更宽

    Wood sanders smoothen the surface of a wooden object using various sanding instruments. Each applies an abrasive surface, usually sandpaper, to the workpiece to remove irregularities.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H3406Opérateur / Opératrice en polissage de bijouterie ou d'orfèvrerie本职业范围更宽
H3405Polisseur / Polisseuse en bijouterie ou joaillerie ou orfèvrerie本职业范围更宽暂定
H3401Opérateur / Opératrice de traitement d'abrasion de surface有重叠，但不相同暂定
H3408Metteur au point polisseur / Metteuse au point polisseuse sur matrice en orfèvrerie相关，但不对应
H3409Polisseur / Polisseuse sur verre相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7324Pulidores de metales y afiladores de herramientas本职业范围更宽暂定
7122Canteros, tronzadores, labrantes y grabadores de piedras相关，但不对应暂定
7615Sopladores, modeladores, laminadores, cortadores y pulidores de vidrio相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
22302Berufe in der Holzbe- und -verarbeitung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽暂定
24222Berufe in der schleifenden Metallbearbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同
21342Berufe in der Glasveredelung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
24201Berufe in der Metallbearbeitung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
527金属彫刻・表面処理従事者有重叠，但不相同
529その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品）相关，但不对应
532窯業・土石製品製造従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源